俗話說(shuō)“一天之計(jì)在于晨,一年之計(jì)在于春”。
雅思寫(xiě)作的開(kāi)頭段也有相同的道理,寫(xiě)好開(kāi)頭段對(duì)寫(xiě)作整體的得分有舉足輕重的作用。根據(jù)自己多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn),給出了寫(xiě)好雅思作文開(kāi)頭的幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法:很多國(guó)內(nèi)的考生受到寫(xiě)中文作文或者傳統(tǒng)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的影響,寫(xiě)一篇文章的開(kāi)頭段時(shí)總是想要盡力抓住考官的眼球,不停地?cái)[弄自己還不成熟的詞匯和句型,結(jié)果非但沒(méi)有得到想要的分?jǐn)?shù),反被考官倒打一耙。
那么我們要如何在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi),以最簡(jiǎn)單以及最能得分的方式寫(xiě)出好的作文開(kāi)頭段呢?其實(shí)我們可以把雅思寫(xiě)作題目中的提問(wèn)方式分成四個(gè)大類(lèi):觀點(diǎn)類(lèi)(opinion essay)、討論類(lèi)(discussion essay)、優(yōu)劣勢(shì)類(lèi)(advantage and disadvantage essay)和報(bào)告類(lèi)(report)。每一種提問(wèn)方式的題目都有自己不同的開(kāi)頭段寫(xiě)作方法。
Part 1 Opinion Essay觀察觀點(diǎn)類(lèi)題目的特征,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),此類(lèi)題型的特征是題目有且只有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。而題目要求我們回答的是“同意”或“不同意”的觀點(diǎn)。
所以只要確定好自己的觀點(diǎn),開(kāi)頭段就可以寫(xiě)出來(lái)。例如:Some people believe that living in big cities is bad for health.Do you agree or disagree?如果,我們選擇同意此觀點(diǎn),可以根據(jù)“背景句+直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目+個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)”的公式。
These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)But some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health.(直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目)Personally,I agree with this idea.(個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))如果選擇不同意題目觀點(diǎn),則可以用“although”的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行改寫(xiě),得到:These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)Although some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health,(although+直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目)personally,I do not agree with this idea.(個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))Part 2 Discussion Essay觀察討論類(lèi)的題目,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),這樣的題目會(huì)有兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn),并且題目要求“討論雙方觀點(diǎn)”和“給出自己的觀點(diǎn)”。這樣的題目中,其實(shí)只用在開(kāi)頭段中寫(xiě)出背景句和轉(zhuǎn)述雙方觀點(diǎn)就好了,至于個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn),可以放到personal idea的段落中。
如:Some people think citizens should be responsible for their own health costs.Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.這個(gè)題目的開(kāi)頭段就可以寫(xiě)為:People in some countries are paying an increasing amount of money for seeing a doctor,even for a minor illness.(背景句)But,still,some people assert that individuals themselves are supposed to pay for such fees.(一方觀點(diǎn))However,other people disagree and suggest that it is the government's responsibility to undertake the health costs for its citizens.(另一方觀點(diǎn))Part 3 Advantages&Disadvantage Essay優(yōu)劣勢(shì)的題目,一般而言都會(huì)給出一個(gè)現(xiàn)象或者是趨勢(shì),這又剛好和我們開(kāi)頭段中的“背景句”吻合了,所以在優(yōu)劣勢(shì)文章的開(kāi)頭段的時(shí)候就沒(méi)有必要再寫(xiě)背景句了,直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目就可以了。但是要表達(dá)出自己的“優(yōu)大于劣”或者“劣大于優(yōu)”的觀點(diǎn),只需要用一句話就搞定了。
如:Shopping online is replacing shopping in stores.Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?開(kāi)頭段可以寫(xiě)為:These days,it is common to see that people prefer choosing online shopping to shopping in physical stores.Although some problems would occur as this trend continues,I believe such development brings more benefits.Part 4 Report其實(shí)report最簡(jiǎn)單,因?yàn)橥ǔn}目和優(yōu)劣勢(shì)文章一樣,會(huì)給出一個(gè)現(xiàn)象或趨勢(shì),所以開(kāi)頭段的組成部分就只有改寫(xiě)題目。如:In many parts of the world,children and teenagers are committing more crimes.Why is this happening?What are the possible solutions to solve this problem?開(kāi)頭段可以寫(xiě)為:These days,it is common to see that the rate of youth crime has been increasing dramatically all over the globe and it is a most worrying issue of modern society.以上就是分享的雅思小作文曲線圖常用模板的全部?jī)?nèi)容,對(duì)曲線圖的寫(xiě)作步驟和常用的句型等都進(jìn)行了描述。
大家可以適當(dāng)?shù)挠洃浐蛻?yīng)用一下。
考生在寫(xiě)雅思大作文開(kāi)頭時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下三大要素: 要素之一: Restatement of the Topic (雅思寫(xiě)作大作文的題目都會(huì)給出相關(guān)情景或話題,在首段中應(yīng)先對(duì)題目中的情景或話題進(jìn)行展開(kāi)。)
方法一:改寫(xiě)。即按照雅思寫(xiě)作題目所給的內(nèi)容,用不同的表達(dá)方法重新寫(xiě)一遍,千萬(wàn)不能抄襲。
但改一兩個(gè)詞不算改寫(xiě),一定要將整個(gè)表達(dá)方式改掉。 方法二:自己展開(kāi)。
即根據(jù)雅思寫(xiě)作題目所談到的話題內(nèi)容適當(dāng)展開(kāi),簡(jiǎn)單談?wù)勀壳吧鐣?huì)中的情況怎樣。但不要談得太多,更不能偏題。
這需要大量的雅思寫(xiě)作輔導(dǎo),大家在私底下要勤加練習(xí)。 要素之二:Express Your Opinion (雅思寫(xiě)作大作文的題目中一般會(huì)問(wèn)你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等,因此必須與之相對(duì)應(yīng)地在首段中表明你的觀點(diǎn)。)
方法一:中立觀點(diǎn)。可以說(shuō)某種做法既有好又有壞;對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)有人同意又有人不同意等等。
較好的表達(dá)如I partly agree with the opinion expressed above. 方法二:一邊倒觀點(diǎn)。即直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō)贊成某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或不贊成某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。
方法三:不表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。即不在首段明確地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),但必須要先分析一下,在最后一段表明觀點(diǎn)。
方法一在雅思寫(xiě)作考試中用得最多;方法二適中;方法三用得比較少。 要素之三:No Excessive Background (雅思寫(xiě)作大作文首段中只要涵蓋以上兩要素即可,不要寫(xiě)過(guò)多不相干的展開(kāi)內(nèi)容,更不要將理由寫(xiě)進(jìn)去,否則主體段就沒(méi)內(nèi)容寫(xiě)了。)
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內(nèi)容來(lái)自用戶:妯辮姳寮
雅思大作文開(kāi)頭段模板
第一大模板法:①引題+②一方觀點(diǎn)+另一方觀點(diǎn)+③我方觀點(diǎn)①引題:九大引題方法
一:①在談到……時(shí),人們對(duì)于這個(gè)充滿爭(zhēng)議的話題所持的觀點(diǎn)各不相同。
①Whentalkingabout(/it comes to/it refers to) _____, people's opinions are divergent on such a controversial 有爭(zhēng)議的 issue. 有分歧的
二:①最近經(jīng)常辯論的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是……
①A much debated issue these days is whether ……
①There is apublic(/general)debate(/discussion/ controversy)today(/nowadays)on(/about/ over/ as to) theproblem(/issue) of ……
三:①最近……的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)引起了人們廣泛的爭(zhēng)議。
①Recently theproblem(/issue)of_____
+ hasdrawn(/aroused)public(/worldwide) attention.
+ hascaused(/aroused)wide(/general/ considerable/ international) concern.
+ hasarisen(/loomed up/ cropped up)as controversial(/as noteworthy/ more distinctly for settlement).
四:①近來(lái)……的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)廣為天下人所知。
①Recently theissue(/problem)of ……h(huán)as beenin the limelight(/brought into focus/ brought to public attention/ posed among the general public).在公眾的注意之下
五:①在過(guò)去的……年里,很多城市面臨了……的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。
①I(mǎi)nrecent(/ the past ……)years, manyci
寫(xiě)好雅思大作文開(kāi)頭段要素一:現(xiàn)象句
雅思寫(xiě)作考題中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,考生的任務(wù)就是在自己文章的第一句話將之改寫(xiě),重述這個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。 E.g.1
Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish.Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?
It is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week.
寫(xiě)好雅思大作文開(kāi)頭段總結(jié)——套句+同義詞替換:more and more= a large amount of E.g.2
Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old.Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible. What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?
In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven.
寫(xiě)好雅思大作文開(kāi)頭段總結(jié)——
主被動(dòng)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:should be allowed to stay at home = start their primary school同義詞的替換:until they are six or seven years old = at the age of six or seven E.g.3
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people to do this.
It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying 。
個(gè)人覺(jué)得,自己看書(shū)不如找老師點(diǎn)撥一下,可以省很大的力氣,愛(ài)預(yù)科老師點(diǎn)撥專(zhuān)業(yè),雅思也有很多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。
雅思大作文開(kāi)頭要素一: Restatement of the Topic 大作文的題目都會(huì)給出相關(guān)情景或話題,在首段中應(yīng)先對(duì)題目中的情景或話題進(jìn)行展開(kāi)。
方法一 : 改寫(xiě)。即按照題目所給的內(nèi)容,用不同的表達(dá)方法重新寫(xiě)一遍,千萬(wàn)不能抄襲。
注意 :改一兩個(gè)詞不算改寫(xiě),一定要將整個(gè)表達(dá)方式改掉。 方法二:自己展開(kāi)。
即根據(jù)題目所談到的話題內(nèi)容適當(dāng)展開(kāi),簡(jiǎn)單談?wù)勀壳吧鐣?huì)中的情況怎樣。 注意: 不要談的太多,更加不能偏題,與題目話題毫不相干。
雅思大作文開(kāi)頭要素二: Express Your Opinion 大作文的題目中一般會(huì)問(wèn)你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等,因此必須與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的在首段中表明你的觀點(diǎn)。 方法一:中立觀點(diǎn)(即辯證表達(dá))。
即可以說(shuō)某種做法既有好又有壞;對(duì)某種觀點(diǎn)又有人同意又有人不同意等等。 說(shuō)明: 比較好的表達(dá)如:I partly agree with the opinion expressed above. 不要說(shuō):some people agree while others don'nt agree.這可不是中立地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。
所謂中立,其實(shí)是辯證的關(guān)系!老外看問(wèn)題比較辯證,一般不會(huì)一棍子打死。 方法二:一邊倒觀點(diǎn)。
即直截了當(dāng)?shù)恼f(shuō)贊成某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或不贊成某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)等等。 方法三:不表觀點(diǎn)。
即不在首段明確的表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn),但必須有引出下文之類(lèi)話來(lái)作銜接。 說(shuō)明: 方法一在考試中用的最多;方法二適中;方法三用的比較少(不表觀點(diǎn),但必須表明要先分析一下,在最后一段表明觀點(diǎn))。
雅思大作文開(kāi)頭要素三: No Excessive Background 大作文首段中只要涵蓋以上兩要素即可,不要寫(xiě)過(guò)多不相干的展開(kāi)內(nèi)容,更不要將理由(即主體段的分論點(diǎn))寫(xiě)進(jìn)去,否則主體段就沒(méi)內(nèi)容寫(xiě)了。
比如這道題目:
越來(lái)越多的公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是老年人,你覺(jué)得好還是不好?
運(yùn)用因果邏輯轉(zhuǎn)述題目所構(gòu)成的開(kāi)頭段為:
因?yàn)槔夏耆私?jīng)驗(yàn)比較豐富,越來(lái)越多的公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是老年人。然而我反對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn),并認(rèn)為年輕人比較合適。
這種開(kāi)頭方式有兩個(gè)好處:首先可以擺脫套句嫌疑,其次很容易在考場(chǎng)上想到開(kāi)頭段的內(nèi)容,節(jié)省開(kāi)篇時(shí)間。
每個(gè)人的情況不同,也可以登錄文都國(guó)際教育官網(wǎng)進(jìn)行一對(duì)一的咨詢。
當(dāng)然,并不是所有題目都適合用因果關(guān)系來(lái)開(kāi)頭,比如題目:
科學(xué)家和游客都喜歡去偏遠(yuǎn)的地方,你覺(jué)得好還是不好?
由于題目涉及到兩個(gè)主題,因此很難用一個(gè)原因解釋清楚,這種時(shí)候就可以采用第二種開(kāi)頭方式:轉(zhuǎn)折方式,也就是盡管+但是。盡管后面接的是考生自己陳述的內(nèi)容,但是后面接原題的改寫(xiě)。我們?cè)囈幌律厦孢@道題:
開(kāi)頭段:
盡管偏遠(yuǎn)的自然環(huán)境充滿危險(xiǎn),但是科學(xué)家和游客依然喜歡去這些地方。然而我反對(duì)這種行為。
再試一道題:
很多人覺(jué)得住在大城市對(duì)身體健康有害,你同意與否。
開(kāi)頭段:
盡管大城市生活比較便捷,但還是有很多人覺(jué)得住在大城市對(duì)身體健康有害,我贊成這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。
要注意背景句后一定要加上自己的觀點(diǎn),直接表達(dá)同意與否,不需要再次陳述一遍題目。有些同學(xué)詞匯量不夠無(wú)法轉(zhuǎn)述題目,再次陳述題目就會(huì)有抄襲的嫌疑。
以上的題目都是陳述單一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn),雅思大作文還有一種題目是直接給出對(duì)比的雙方,比如這道題:
有些人覺(jué)得老年人更適合當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo),而有些人覺(jué)得年輕人更適合,你同意哪一種觀點(diǎn)?
這時(shí)候開(kāi)頭段可以寫(xiě)成:
盡管老年人比較固執(zhí),但是仍然有人認(rèn)為老年人更適合當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。我反對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)并認(rèn)為年輕人更適合這個(gè)角色。
這種開(kāi)頭段可以在背景句中闡述一方觀點(diǎn),在觀點(diǎn)句中闡述另一方觀點(diǎn)。
這里要注意,在雅思議論文中,如果題目中出現(xiàn)了雙方觀點(diǎn),那么無(wú)論你自己的觀點(diǎn)是什么,你的行文中一定要涵蓋對(duì)雙方觀點(diǎn)的陳述。
當(dāng)然,開(kāi)頭段的寫(xiě)作方式不僅僅“因?yàn)?所以”以及“盡管+但是”兩種方式。只要合乎邏輯,不抄襲題目,不用套句,怎樣的開(kāi)頭段都可以。不過(guò)如果你還不會(huì)寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭段,這兩種方式是最容易上手并節(jié)省時(shí)間的,不妨試一試吧!
很多考生拿到大作文考題都不知道如何動(dòng)筆去寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭段,有的會(huì)把題目原封不動(dòng)抄下來(lái),但如果這樣做,在統(tǒng)計(jì)作文字?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),第一段就不被統(tǒng)計(jì)在內(nèi)了.實(shí)際上,大作文的第一段是情景鋪墊,專(zhuān)家建議考生在這一段要點(diǎn)明這篇文章要討論/解決什么問(wèn)題及問(wèn)題的背景.作文的首段通常包含以下幾個(gè)方面: 1)場(chǎng)景或背景信息,即題目中出現(xiàn)的phenomenon. 2)一些人的觀點(diǎn)(some people's opinion),這部分在改寫(xiě)文章首段時(shí)可要可不要,考生可按照自己的情況來(lái)安排. 3)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn),這一部分在有些文章的開(kāi)首段中也可以不要. 大作文要求字?jǐn)?shù)至少達(dá)到250字,在寫(xiě)作中考慮到字?jǐn)?shù)的合理安排,第一段最好寫(xiě)3-5句話,大約40字左右,并且切忌在第一段就掏心掏肺把什么話都說(shuō)完.因此大作文開(kāi)首方式通常有以下幾種情況: 1)題目中包含了背景信息(phenomenon),有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)一些人的觀點(diǎn),并且題目中字?jǐn)?shù)較多.這種情況下最保險(xiǎn)的辦法是將題目中的背景信息及一些人的觀點(diǎn)重新表達(dá)(paraphrase),可以做: 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主謂賓主系表 某些近義詞互換 Example: At present,it is hard for college students to find jobs.Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography.To what extent do you agree? → The number of college graduates is surging while a substantial proportion of them have difficulties in finding employment after their graduation.Numerous people blame this on the university education and believe that more emphasis should be laid on practical courses such as computer science and business than on traditional courses like history and geography.其后再加考生自己的觀點(diǎn)即可. 2)題目中包含了背景信息,有時(shí)出現(xiàn)一些人的觀點(diǎn),但題目中字?jǐn)?shù)較少,若直接重新表達(dá),字?jǐn)?shù)湊不到40字左右.這種情況下推薦以下2種開(kāi)首方式來(lái)保證字?jǐn)?shù): 把籠統(tǒng)信息細(xì)節(jié)化即通過(guò)舉例來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明題目中的背景信息. Example: International tourism has become a big industry in the world.Do the benefits outweigh the problems? →The acceleration of globalization and high-tech development contributes to International tourism's gaining momentum virtually all over the world.Each year,millions of tourists from other countries swarm into china to appreciate the scenery and Chinese traditional culture.其后加入考生個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)即可. 追溯歷史,過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)比. Example: International tourism has become a big industry in the world.Do the benefits outweigh the problems? →Prior to the early 1900s,the proportion of people traveling abroad was considerably low and the majority of them preferred domestic travel.However,the advent of the motorized flight has greatly changed our life and it makes international traveling more convenient.International tourism is gaining momentum and has become a big industry.其后加入考生個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)即可. 3)題目中僅出現(xiàn)一部分人的觀點(diǎn),而沒(méi)有背景信息.這種情況下,我們可以根據(jù)這部分人的觀點(diǎn)所涉及的信息在開(kāi)首段附加對(duì)背景信息的描述. Example: The best way to solve the world's environmental problem is to increase the price of fuel.Do you agree or disagree? →In the process of industrialization and urbanization,the scope of environmental problem facing the world is getting immense.From Mexico City and New York to Singapore and China new solutions to this problem are being proposed,tried and implemented.Some people believe increasing the price of fuel is the best approach to this problem.其后加入考生個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)即可. 另外,要提醒考生注意的是開(kāi)首段一定要避免出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)槿绻Z(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤影響文章的理解,那會(huì)給考官留下極差的第一印象,而考官也就沒(méi)有信心繼續(xù)往下讀了,最終大作文的得分也不會(huì)很高.。
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