俗話說“一天之計在于晨,一年之計在于春”。
雅思寫作的開頭段也有相同的道理,寫好開頭段對寫作整體的得分有舉足輕重的作用。根據(jù)自己多年的經(jīng)驗,給出了寫好雅思作文開頭的幾個簡單方法:很多國內(nèi)的考生受到寫中文作文或者傳統(tǒng)英語教學(xué)的影響,寫一篇文章的開頭段時總是想要盡力抓住考官的眼球,不停地擺弄自己還不成熟的詞匯和句型,結(jié)果非但沒有得到想要的分?jǐn)?shù),反被考官倒打一耙。
那么我們要如何在最短的時間內(nèi),以最簡單以及最能得分的方式寫出好的作文開頭段呢?其實我們可以把雅思寫作題目中的提問方式分成四個大類:觀點類(opinion essay)、討論類(discussion essay)、優(yōu)劣勢類(advantage and disadvantage essay)和報告類(report)。每一種提問方式的題目都有自己不同的開頭段寫作方法。
Part 1 Opinion Essay觀察觀點類題目的特征,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),此類題型的特征是題目有且只有一個觀點。而題目要求我們回答的是“同意”或“不同意”的觀點。
所以只要確定好自己的觀點,開頭段就可以寫出來。例如:Some people believe that living in big cities is bad for health.Do you agree or disagree?如果,我們選擇同意此觀點,可以根據(jù)“背景句+直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目+個人觀點”的公式。
These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)But some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health.(直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目)Personally,I agree with this idea.(個人觀點)如果選擇不同意題目觀點,則可以用“although”的讓步狀語從句進(jìn)行改寫,得到:These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)Although some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health,(although+直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目)personally,I do not agree with this idea.(個人觀點)Part 2 Discussion Essay觀察討論類的題目,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),這樣的題目會有兩個觀點,并且題目要求“討論雙方觀點”和“給出自己的觀點”。這樣的題目中,其實只用在開頭段中寫出背景句和轉(zhuǎn)述雙方觀點就好了,至于個人的觀點,可以放到personal idea的段落中。
如:Some people think citizens should be responsible for their own health costs.Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.這個題目的開頭段就可以寫為:People in some countries are paying an increasing amount of money for seeing a doctor,even for a minor illness.(背景句)But,still,some people assert that individuals themselves are supposed to pay for such fees.(一方觀點)However,other people disagree and suggest that it is the government's responsibility to undertake the health costs for its citizens.(另一方觀點)Part 3 Advantages&Disadvantage Essay優(yōu)劣勢的題目,一般而言都會給出一個現(xiàn)象或者是趨勢,這又剛好和我們開頭段中的“背景句”吻合了,所以在優(yōu)劣勢文章的開頭段的時候就沒有必要再寫背景句了,直接轉(zhuǎn)述題目就可以了。但是要表達(dá)出自己的“優(yōu)大于劣”或者“劣大于優(yōu)”的觀點,只需要用一句話就搞定了。
如:Shopping online is replacing shopping in stores.Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?開頭段可以寫為:These days,it is common to see that people prefer choosing online shopping to shopping in physical stores.Although some problems would occur as this trend continues,I believe such development brings more benefits.Part 4 Report其實report最簡單,因為通常題目和優(yōu)劣勢文章一樣,會給出一個現(xiàn)象或趨勢,所以開頭段的組成部分就只有改寫題目。如:In many parts of the world,children and teenagers are committing more crimes.Why is this happening?What are the possible solutions to solve this problem?開頭段可以寫為:These days,it is common to see that the rate of youth crime has been increasing dramatically all over the globe and it is a most worrying issue of modern society.以上就是分享的雅思小作文曲線圖常用模板的全部內(nèi)容,對曲線圖的寫作步驟和常用的句型等都進(jìn)行了描述。
大家可以適當(dāng)?shù)挠洃浐蛻?yīng)用一下。
考生在寫雅思大作文開頭時應(yīng)注意以下三大要素: 要素之一: Restatement of the Topic (雅思寫作大作文的題目都會給出相關(guān)情景或話題,在首段中應(yīng)先對題目中的情景或話題進(jìn)行展開。)
方法一:改寫。即按照雅思寫作題目所給的內(nèi)容,用不同的表達(dá)方法重新寫一遍,千萬不能抄襲。
但改一兩個詞不算改寫,一定要將整個表達(dá)方式改掉。 方法二:自己展開。
即根據(jù)雅思寫作題目所談到的話題內(nèi)容適當(dāng)展開,簡單談?wù)勀壳吧鐣械那闆r怎樣。但不要談得太多,更不能偏題。
這需要大量的雅思寫作輔導(dǎo),大家在私底下要勤加練習(xí)。 要素之二:Express Your Opinion (雅思寫作大作文的題目中一般會問你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等,因此必須與之相對應(yīng)地在首段中表明你的觀點。)
方法一:中立觀點??梢哉f某種做法既有好又有壞;對某種觀點有人同意又有人不同意等等。
較好的表達(dá)如I partly agree with the opinion expressed above. 方法二:一邊倒觀點。即直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f贊成某個觀點或不贊成某個觀點。
方法三:不表達(dá)觀點。即不在首段明確地表達(dá)自己的觀點,但必須要先分析一下,在最后一段表明觀點。
方法一在雅思寫作考試中用得最多;方法二適中;方法三用得比較少。 要素之三:No Excessive Background (雅思寫作大作文首段中只要涵蓋以上兩要素即可,不要寫過多不相干的展開內(nèi)容,更不要將理由寫進(jìn)去,否則主體段就沒內(nèi)容寫了。)
寫好雅思大作文開頭段要素一:現(xiàn)象句
雅思寫作考題中會出現(xiàn)一個社會現(xiàn)象,考生的任務(wù)就是在自己文章的第一句話將之改寫,重述這個社會現(xiàn)象。 E.g.1
Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish.Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?
It is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week.
寫好雅思大作文開頭段總結(jié)——套句+同義詞替換:more and more= a large amount of E.g.2
Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old.Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible. What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?
In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven.
寫好雅思大作文開頭段總結(jié)——
主被動之間的轉(zhuǎn)換:should be allowed to stay at home = start their primary school同義詞的替換:until they are six or seven years old = at the age of six or seven E.g.3
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people to do this.
It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying 。
個人覺得,自己看書不如找老師點撥一下,可以省很大的力氣,愛預(yù)科老師點撥專業(yè),雅思也有很多年的經(jīng)驗了。
比如這道題目:
越來越多的公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是老年人,你覺得好還是不好?
運用因果邏輯轉(zhuǎn)述題目所構(gòu)成的開頭段為:
因為老年人經(jīng)驗比較豐富,越來越多的公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是老年人。然而我反對這種觀點,并認(rèn)為年輕人比較合適。
這種開頭方式有兩個好處:首先可以擺脫套句嫌疑,其次很容易在考場上想到開頭段的內(nèi)容,節(jié)省開篇時間。
每個人的情況不同,也可以登錄文都國際教育官網(wǎng)進(jìn)行一對一的咨詢。
當(dāng)然,并不是所有題目都適合用因果關(guān)系來開頭,比如題目:
科學(xué)家和游客都喜歡去偏遠(yuǎn)的地方,你覺得好還是不好?
由于題目涉及到兩個主題,因此很難用一個原因解釋清楚,這種時候就可以采用第二種開頭方式:轉(zhuǎn)折方式,也就是盡管+但是。盡管后面接的是考生自己陳述的內(nèi)容,但是后面接原題的改寫。我們試一下上面這道題:
開頭段:
盡管偏遠(yuǎn)的自然環(huán)境充滿危險,但是科學(xué)家和游客依然喜歡去這些地方。然而我反對這種行為。
再試一道題:
很多人覺得住在大城市對身體健康有害,你同意與否。
開頭段:
盡管大城市生活比較便捷,但還是有很多人覺得住在大城市對身體健康有害,我贊成這個觀點。
要注意背景句后一定要加上自己的觀點,直接表達(dá)同意與否,不需要再次陳述一遍題目。有些同學(xué)詞匯量不夠無法轉(zhuǎn)述題目,再次陳述題目就會有抄襲的嫌疑。
以上的題目都是陳述單一現(xiàn)象或觀點,雅思大作文還有一種題目是直接給出對比的雙方,比如這道題:
有些人覺得老年人更適合當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo),而有些人覺得年輕人更適合,你同意哪一種觀點?
這時候開頭段可以寫成:
盡管老年人比較固執(zhí),但是仍然有人認(rèn)為老年人更適合當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。我反對這種觀點并認(rèn)為年輕人更適合這個角色。
這種開頭段可以在背景句中闡述一方觀點,在觀點句中闡述另一方觀點。
這里要注意,在雅思議論文中,如果題目中出現(xiàn)了雙方觀點,那么無論你自己的觀點是什么,你的行文中一定要涵蓋對雙方觀點的陳述。
當(dāng)然,開頭段的寫作方式不僅僅“因為+所以”以及“盡管+但是”兩種方式。只要合乎邏輯,不抄襲題目,不用套句,怎樣的開頭段都可以。不過如果你還不會寫開頭段,這兩種方式是最容易上手并節(jié)省時間的,不妨試一試吧!
我只讀了小小一部分,但卻能看出法布爾眼中的昆蟲是可愛的、有感情的。今天,我是通過法布爾的眼睛,享受這份讀書的樂趣;而法布爾為此付出一生的艱苦勞動,我們無法體會。我們只有用心去品味這書中的精華,才能對他所研究的昆蟲有更深一層的認(rèn)識.
書本就像我們的老師一樣是明月、是繁星、是燈,為我們指亮前方道路上所需的精神知識。所以,同學(xué)們也讓我們一起快樂讀書吧,讓我們遨游于知識的海洋。俗話說“書中自有黃金屋,書中自有顏如玉”,讓我們一起努力!加油!同學(xué)們,為了我們的未來而努力讀書,在書本中品
很多考生拿到大作文考題都不知道如何動筆去寫開頭段,有的會把題目原封不動抄下來,但如果這樣做,在統(tǒng)計作文字?jǐn)?shù)時,第一段就不被統(tǒng)計在內(nèi)了。
實際上大作文的第一段是情景鋪墊,在這一段要點明這篇文章要討論/解決什么問題及問題的背景。作文的首段通常包含以下幾個方面: 1)場景或背景信息,即題目中出現(xiàn)的phenomenon。
2)一些人的觀點(some people's opinion),這部分在改寫文章首段時可要可不要,考生可按照自己的情況來安排。 3)個人觀點,這一部分在有些文章的開首段中也可以不要。
大作文要求字?jǐn)?shù)至少達(dá)到250字,在寫作中考慮到字?jǐn)?shù)的合理安排,第一段最好寫3-5句話,大約40字左右,并且切忌在第一段就掏心掏肺把什么話都說完。因此大作文開首方式通常有以下幾種情況: 1)題目中包含了背景信息(phenomenon),有時也出現(xiàn)一些人的觀點,并且題目中字?jǐn)?shù)較多。
這種情況下最保險的辦法是將題目中的背景信息及一些人的觀點重新表達(dá)(paraphrase),可以做: ●主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) ●主謂賓主系表 ●某些近義詞互換 Example: At present, it is hard for college students to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. To what extent do you agree? → The number of college graduates is surging while a substantial proportion of them have difficulties in finding employment after their graduation. Numerous people blame this on the university education and believe that more emphasis should be laid on practical courses such as computer science and business than on traditional courses like history and geography. 其后再加考生自己的觀點即可。 2)題目中包含了背景信息,有時出現(xiàn)一些人的觀點,但題目中字?jǐn)?shù)較少,若直接重新表達(dá),字?jǐn)?shù)湊不到40字左右。
這種情況下我們有2種開首方式來保證字?jǐn)?shù)。 ◆把籠統(tǒng)信息細(xì)節(jié)化即通過舉例來解釋說明題目中的背景信息。
Example: International tourism has become a big industry in the world. Do the benefits outweigh the problems? →The acceleration of globalization and high-tech development contributes to International tourism's gaining momentum virtually all over the world. Each year,millions of tourists from other countries swarm into china to appreciate the scenery and Chinese traditional culture. 其后加入考生個人觀點即可。 ◆追溯歷史,過去與現(xiàn)在形成對比。
Example: International tourism has become a big industry in the world. Do the benefits outweigh the problems? →Prior to the early 1900s, the proportion of people traveling abroad was considerably low and the majority of them preferred domestic travel. However, the advent of the motorized flight has greatly changed our life and it makes international traveling more convenient. International tourism is gaining momentum and has become a big industry. 其后加入考生個人觀點即可。 3)題目中僅出現(xiàn)一部分人的觀點,而沒有背景信息。
這種情況下,我們可以根據(jù)這部分人的觀點所涉及的信息在開首段附加對背景信息的描述。 Example: The best way to solve the world's environmental problem is to increase the price of fuel. Do you agree or disagree? →In the process of industrialization and urbanization, the scope of environmental problem facing the world is getting immense. From Mexico City and New York to Singapore and China new solutions to this problem are being proposed, tried and implemented. Some people believe increasing the price of fuel is the best approach to this problem. 其后加入考生個人觀點即可。
另外考生要注意開首段一定要避免出現(xiàn)語法錯誤,因為如果語法錯誤影響文章的理解,那會給考官留下極差的第一印象,而考官也就沒有信心繼續(xù)往下讀了,最終大作文的得分也不會很高。
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