初中生英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)(初中英語(yǔ)所有要學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)態(tài))

1.初中英語(yǔ)所有要學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)態(tài)

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)+am/is/are/動(dòng)詞原形 1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

2. 1） 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：every…， sometimes, at…， on Sunday He often wakes up at 7 every morning. 2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。

The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3） 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái)　?/p>

（ 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.） 4） 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。

eg. I don't want so much./Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup./I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間動(dòng)作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

3. 句式結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)： 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 一般疑問句 Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 肯定回答 Yes，主語(yǔ)+does 否定回答 No，主語(yǔ)+doesn't 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)： 肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 一般疑問句 Do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 要注意，句式結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)則全局都錯(cuò)。 二、一般過去時(shí)： 概念：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；過去主語(yǔ)所具備的能力和性格。

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他；否定形式①was/were+not；②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；一般疑問句Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： Ago(two hours ago（一段時(shí)間+ago）,yesterday（句子開頭或結(jié)尾），the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…)，具體時(shí)間（如Jan.fourth）,just now,at the age of,one day,long ago,once upon a time（很久以前），and so on,this morning.long long ago. 動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則 3.動(dòng)詞規(guī)則變化：1.直接加ed:work—— workedlook——lookedplay——played, 2.以e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d:live ——livedhope——hopeduse——used, 3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed:study—— studied carry——carriedworry——worried, 4 以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed:enjoy ——enjoyed play——played 5 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed:stop—— stoppedplan——不規(guī)則變化：planned is/am-was Are-were Begin-began blow -blew bring -brought 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他 否定形式①was/were+not；②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞 一般疑問句Did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他？ 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在”，動(dòng)作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中。

2.句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式 第一人稱單數(shù) I+am+ing. 第一人稱復(fù)數(shù) We+are+ing. 第二人稱單（復(fù)）數(shù) You+are+ing 第三人稱單數(shù) He(She,it)+is+ing 第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) They+are+ing 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be(is/am/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be(is/am/are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問句：be(is/am/are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+相應(yīng)be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+Sth？ 四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。 2.句式結(jié)構(gòu)：1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“主語(yǔ)+was/were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成 例如： We were having supper when the phone rang. 我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)電話響了。

2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定式由“主語(yǔ)+was/were not +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成 例如： This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，杰克不是在看電視，而是在修理自行車？ 3. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的疑問式由“was/were + 主語(yǔ)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成 例如： Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon？ 昨天下午四點(diǎn)你們?cè)诖蚧@球嗎？ 六、過去完成時(shí)： 1.概念：）①表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)過去晚些時(shí)候造成的影響或結(jié)果②過去某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過去晚些時(shí)候?qū)砜赡苓€要延續(xù)。句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去之前（過去的過去），即過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去。

2.句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞. ②否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞. ③一般疑問句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞？ 肯定回答：Yes，主語(yǔ)+had. 否定回答：No，主語(yǔ)+had not . ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞）？ ⑤被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+had(hadn't)+been+過去分詞 七、一般將來時(shí)： 1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 常常和表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

如：tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周）， from now on（從現(xiàn)在開始）；in the future（將來）等。 一般將來時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall（第一人稱），will（第。

2.初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)歸納

English Grammar：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)共有16種時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)近幾年曝光的四、六級(jí)考卷分析， 時(shí)態(tài)測(cè)試重點(diǎn)主要有：完成時(shí)態(tài)——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)；進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)——現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；一般時(shí)態(tài)。

一、一般時(shí)態(tài) 1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示沒有時(shí)限的持久存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和副詞 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等連謾@？紓？ 1)The moon moves round the earth.. 2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。例如： 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. (3)某些表示起始的動(dòng)詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這類動(dòng)詞有：be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。

例如： 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引導(dǎo)的從句中，也常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。例如： 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)You'll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 2.一般過去時(shí) （1）表示過去某一特定時(shí)間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示確切過去時(shí)間的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句連用。

例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。例如： 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the library. （注意與be used to doing短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別） 3.一般將來時(shí) 1）表示將來打算進(jìn)行或期待發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）幾種替代形式： 1)be going to +v在口語(yǔ)中廣泛使用，表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示計(jì)劃安排要做的事，具有“必要”的強(qiáng)制性意義。

例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示預(yù)先確定了的事， 必定發(fā)生的事。

例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) （1）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。

例如： Don't disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排在最近要進(jìn)行的事情。

具有這種語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞僅限于過渡性動(dòng)詞。即表示從一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置上去的動(dòng)詞。

常用的有：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)，這是一類表示“感覺，感情，存在，從屬”等的動(dòng)詞。

如：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear，（表示感覺的詞）；hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive（表示感情的動(dòng)詞）；be,exist,remain,stay,obtain（表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞）；have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form（表示占有與從屬的動(dòng)詞）；understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember（表示思考理解的動(dòng)詞）。但是如果它們?cè)~義改變，便也可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

例如： 1)Tom looks pale. What's wrong with him? (look 在此為聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，意為“顯得，看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look 在此為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，意為“尋找”) 2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后，另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或表示過去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣，常與always,continually,constantly等動(dòng)詞連用。例如： 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來某一時(shí)刻開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。

常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請(qǐng)求等。例如： 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4. 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) （現(xiàn)在、過去、將來）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是（現(xiàn)在、過去、將來）完成時(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，將放在完成時(shí)態(tài)部分講述。

三、完成時(shí)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài)通常表示已完成或從事的動(dòng)作。它可分為： 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示對(duì)目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動(dòng)作（常與yet,already,just連用），或者過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for,since連用）。

例如： 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：since, for, during。

3.初中英語(yǔ)八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的句型以及各種知識(shí)點(diǎn)

我稍微整理了一下，一共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)。

十六種時(shí)態(tài)和他們的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（do /does ） every day, every week , always ,usually, seldom ,never .2.一般過去時(shí)（did ） yesterday , last week , ago ,the other day , just now, in the past , that day , from then on （不到現(xiàn)在） 3.一般將來時(shí)（will do ） Tomorrow ,this evening , next week , soon , at once , right away, in three minutes , just a moment. 4.過去將來時(shí)（would do ） the next day ,after three years ,three years later ,soon ,right away . （這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用于間接引語(yǔ)）5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（am /is /are doing） now , just now , at the moment ,at present , always （帶有感情色彩）6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（was /were doing ） at six yesterday evening ,from 7 to 9 yesterday evening ,at that time .7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（have /has done ） since , for some years , already , just , before, recently , so far , up till now , in the past few years , the last ten years . 8 過去完成時(shí)（had done ） by +過去時(shí)間， three years before , up to the end of last year 9 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（have /has been doing ） these days , all the morning , all day long ,all the year round 10 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（had been doing ） in those day , all day （這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用于間接引語(yǔ)）11 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)（shall/will be doing ） at 8 tomorrow morning , from 2 to 3 tomorrow afternoon 12 過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)（should /would be doing ） at 8 the next morning ,from 7 to 8 the next morning 13 將來完成時(shí)（shall /will have done ） by 200814 過去將來完成時(shí)（should /would have done ） by +將來時(shí)間（用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣或間接引語(yǔ)）， by the end of the next year 15 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（shall /will have been doing ） all tomorrow morning , all next week .16 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（should /would have been doing ） all the next day , all the next week 幾個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的比較1.did sth./have done sth. Who has taken away my umbrella? I can't find it anywhere. Oh, Sally took it away just now.2.did sth./ had done sth. We learned six passages last week. We had learned six passages by the end of last week.3.have been doing/have done sth. They have repaired several cars. They have been repairing cars.。

4.初中英語(yǔ)基本時(shí)態(tài)以及語(yǔ)法

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法幾大基本時(shí)態(tài)講與練（4）一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及計(jì)劃、打算做某事。

E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon. 其結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種： 1)will + 動(dòng)詞原形（will可以用于任何人稱） 需要注意的是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)will可以換成shall，特別是在以I或we作主語(yǔ)的問句中，一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +動(dòng)詞原形 3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示將來，前邊已經(jīng)講過，這里不在重復(fù). 第一種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化是： 變否定句在will后邊加not. 變一般疑問句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days？ 第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom？ 其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有如下幾種 1)this引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) 如 this year 2)tomorrow及其相關(guān)短語(yǔ)如tomorrow morning 3)next引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。 學(xué)生常見錯(cuò)誤如下： 一、易忽視動(dòng)詞用原形形式 例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday. 2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school. 答案：1 be 2 do 解析：第一題有的同學(xué)一看he做主語(yǔ)就用了is，忽視了will后應(yīng)加動(dòng)詞原形。

我們?cè)趯懢渥訒r(shí)，很容易把動(dòng)詞丟掉，“英語(yǔ)句子里，動(dòng)詞不能少”的規(guī)律必須要牢記。第二題中to后加動(dòng)詞原形，而不是用單三人稱.。

二、be going to +動(dòng)詞原形與will+動(dòng)詞原形用法不清楚 例：我正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加英語(yǔ)考試。 I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams. 答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams. 解析：“be going to” 表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事。

E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 還表示某種跡象表明會(huì)發(fā)生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It's going to rain. 而“Will+動(dòng)詞原形 ”指對(duì)將來事物的預(yù)見、表示意愿、決心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在單純預(yù)測(cè)未來時(shí)，二者可以互換，但在此題中只能用be going to，而不能用will。

自主檢測(cè)： （一）、單選 1 _____you ____a doctor when you grow up? A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be 2 I don't know if his uncle _____. I think he _____ if it doesn't rain. A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come 3 He will be back _____a few minutes. A with B for C on D in 4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are 5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week. A finishes B doesn't finish C will finish D won't finish 6 There _____some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It ____my brother's birthday tomorrow. She _____a party. A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be 8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 答案：1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C （二）、填空 1 -“I need some paper.” - “I ____(bring)some for you.” 2____(be)you free tomorrow? 3 They _________(not leave) until you come back. 4 _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon? 5 They want to know when the meeting _____start. 6 I _____(go) with you if I have time. 7 Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late. 8What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon? 9 Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow. 10 If she isn't free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party. 答案： 1 will bring 2 Are 3 won't leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will go 7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 won't take 三、There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)易出錯(cuò) 例：There_________ a basketball match this afternoon. (B) A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have 答案：A 解析：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)既要符合There be結(jié)構(gòu)，又要符合一般將來時(shí)。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為have當(dāng)“有”講，所以選了B，但There be結(jié)構(gòu)就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后邊的單數(shù)名詞決定的. 四、be going to結(jié)構(gòu)中易丟掉to 例：I'm going _______(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C) A to will go B to go to C go to D to go 答案：B 解析：由tomorrow可知是一般將來時(shí)，be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，所以先確定用to go ， 在B、D當(dāng)中選，而go to school 是固定詞組，不能因?yàn)榍斑呌幸粋€(gè)to而省略，這是一個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，需要注意。

另外，在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句用了將來時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，前邊已經(jīng)講過，這里不在重復(fù).。

5.初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)筆記

1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)+do/does e.g We clean the room every day. 2.一般過去時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)+did e.g We cleaned the room just now. 3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)+am/is/are doing e.g We are cleaning the room now. 4.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was/were doing e.g We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have/has done e.g We have cleaned the room already. 6.過去完成時(shí)： had done e.g We had cleaned the room before he arrived. 7.一般將來時(shí)： will do/ e.g We will clean the room tomorrow. 8.過去將來時(shí)： was/were to /would do e.g He said he would clean the room next.。

6.初中英語(yǔ)所學(xué)的9種時(shí)態(tài)

漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)大多是通過副詞來表達(dá)的，而英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞的變化和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來表達(dá)的。

英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是?？嫉幕蜉^常用的只有9種，而且重點(diǎn)測(cè)試完成時(shí)態(tài)。 要掌握英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，必須掌握好英語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞（do, be, have）和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)這兩個(gè)核心問題。

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語(yǔ)境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替一般將來時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有： 時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day； 條件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考點(diǎn)三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +賓語(yǔ)從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 So long as he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)。

考點(diǎn)四：在the more… the more … （越……越……） 句型中， 若主句是一般將來時(shí)， 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表說話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：或表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。

與頻率副詞，如always,constantly,continually,again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考點(diǎn)二： 表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： 考點(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ？ 考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來……”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞 +that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 4.一般過去時(shí) 表在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when， 注意： 考點(diǎn)一：used to + do，表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。

to為不定式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替過去將來時(shí)。

He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 6. 過去完成時(shí) 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤立使用 （ before, after, by, up till ） There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely。

when; no sooner 。than 句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝） 考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had 。

7.幫忙歸納總結(jié)一下初中英語(yǔ)所有時(shí)態(tài)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的8種時(shí)態(tài) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…)， once a week, on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞 原形 （如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not；此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6.例句：. It seldom ['seld?m]很少snows here.He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words.. 二、一般過去時(shí)1.概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…)， in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞 的過去式4.否定形式：was/were+not；在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+doing 4.否定形式：be+not+doing.5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) s+was/were+doing 4.否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。

（第一個(gè)字母大寫）6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑問句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六、過去完成時(shí)1.概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month…)，etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done. 4.否定形式：had + not + done.5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞（done）①肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過去分詞+其他②否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過去分詞+其他③一般疑問句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過去分詞+其他④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句七、一般將來時(shí)1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…)，soon, in a few minutes, by…，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。

5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、過去將來時(shí)1.概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year…)，the following month(week…)，etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+going to + do;would/should + do.4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .。