教科書+筆記。
第一冊(cè):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)( to be)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在存在的情況或狀態(tài)。 1.陳述句(肯定) 陳述句是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或者說話人的看法。
I'm Sam. This is my mother. It's a black dog. He's a doctor. She's a driver. 2.特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句歸類 問“誰(shuí)……”,“什么……”,“在哪里……”等這一類的問句叫做特殊疑問句。這種問句以疑問詞開頭。
How are you? How many? How old are you? What's your name? What's this? Where's the cat? 試題舉例 三年級(jí)試題(第二冊(cè)) Listen and choose.(聽錄音,根據(jù)圖片選擇正確答語(yǔ),將序號(hào)填入括號(hào)里。) ( ) 2. A.They's tigers. B.They're monkeys. 隱形問句為: What are they? 讀寫部分:?jiǎn)柧浜痛鹫Z(yǔ)分成兩組連線,或者提供問句和2個(gè)被選答語(yǔ)進(jìn)行選擇。
1.How are you? A.I'm nine 2.How old are you? B.I'm fine,thank you. ? 1.How are you ? A.I'm nine. B.I'm fine,thank you 3.一般疑問句:試題舉例 Ⅳ.Listen and draw faces .( 聽音,與圖片相符的畫笑臉,不符的畫哭臉。) 1. 1. Is it a kite ? Yes, it is. 2 2. Is it a bird? No,it isn't. 4.祈使句: 讓學(xué)生明白向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)出指令的表達(dá)方式。
在第三模塊中出現(xiàn)的 Sit down ,please. Stand up, please. Point to the window. Point to the door. 第二冊(cè):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(to do )—表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在存在的情況或狀態(tài)。 1.陳述句的否定式: 如; 第三模塊的表示喜歡與不喜歡 I like football. I don't like table tennis. 2.含有行為動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句表達(dá)方式: Do you like meat? Does he like bananas? 3.名詞復(fù)數(shù) They're monkeys. 4.第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞的變化 教師在根據(jù)情景用語(yǔ)言表述時(shí)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)總結(jié) 如:I go to school by bike. She goes to school by bus. 5.介詞 in, on ,under 的用法。
This pencil-box is on the desk. This pen is in the pencil-box. That chair is under the desk. 6.疑問句歸類: Do you like meat? Does Lingling like bananas? What's the time, please? What do you do at the weekend? What does she do at the weekend? 第三冊(cè):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、一般將來時(shí)(be going to的結(jié)構(gòu))、there be句型 1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):通常表示此時(shí)此刻或當(dāng)前一個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。 I watch TV at the weekend. I am watching TV now. 2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:can 的一般疑問句及其答語(yǔ)。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 表示能力或者可能性(即客觀上是否允許)。 Can you jump high? Yes, I can. No, I can't 3.一般將來時(shí):be going to 的用法——表示打算(預(yù)備)做某事(表達(dá)的是主觀愿望。)
We're going to go to Hainan. I'm going to visit my grandpa. 4.there be 句型: “在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)有…”,在第十模塊主要練習(xí)運(yùn)用了在某個(gè)月份有幾個(gè) 同學(xué)過生日,在一年里有十二個(gè)月。辨析舉例: “there be”與“have got ”譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)都有一個(gè)"有"字,這二者之間又有什么區(qū)別呢? ①there be表示“有”時(shí),側(cè)重于客觀存在,常用于"某地(某時(shí))有某物" 的句型,至于此物屬于誰(shuí)則無關(guān)緊要。
如: There are twelve months in the year. ②have(has) got表示“有”時(shí),側(cè)重于主觀方面,有"所有"的意思,常 用于“某人(某物)有某物”的句型,至于此物在何時(shí)何地則無需談及。如: I've got a new book. ③有時(shí)候there be和have(has) got可以互換使用,句子意義沒有什么差別。
如: We have got a lot of time. (=There is a lot of time.)我們時(shí)間很多。 ④有些情況下,there be和have是不能互換使用的。
I have two hands.我有兩只手。 (不能說:There are two hands on my body.) “have got” 和 “have” 的區(qū)別 問題:一年級(jí)起點(diǎn)5冊(cè) M6中,I've got a 。
. Have you got a 。? 現(xiàn)在好象在生活中使用這種句型的場(chǎng)合及教材都比較少了.學(xué)生學(xué)起來也比較拗口.與此相關(guān)的幾個(gè)模塊也是難度比較大. 為什么不用 I have a 。
Do you have a 。?學(xué)生學(xué)起來也比較容易. 回答:have you got 。
這種說法更英式;Do you have 。 更美式。
因?yàn)楸咎捉滩呐c英國(guó)合作編寫,所以拼寫、句式都更偏向于英式英語(yǔ)。 在教學(xué)時(shí),這種表達(dá)方式當(dāng)固定句型教授,不要把完成時(shí)等概念引入比較好。
5.some 的用法 教材中出現(xiàn):Do you want some rice? Can I have some sweets? 含有some的肯定句在變成疑問句時(shí),在下列情況之下, some不必變成any。例如: ①在固定詞組中。
Do you usually do some shopping?你通常去購(gòu)物嗎? ②在相當(dāng)于祈使句的問句中。 Would you like some fruits?你想吃點(diǎn)水果嗎? Do you want some rice? ③希望對(duì)方給予肯定的答復(fù),表達(dá)請(qǐng)求語(yǔ)氣時(shí)。
Can I have some sweets? 6.疑問句歸類: Where are you going ? What are you/they doing? What are you going to do? Can you run fast? Can I have some sweets? Do you want some rice? 第四冊(cè):一般將來時(shí)(will的用法)、形容詞的比較級(jí)、一般過去時(shí) 1.一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事情。 be going to 是打算,表示主觀意志 will 是將會(huì),表示客觀將要。
教師可以通過一定的語(yǔ)言情景用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)句式跟will 替換。 On Monday I'll go swimming.可以替換be going to Robots will 。
一.用下列所給組合成正確的單詞: N w a t r a a t t l a p e e s w r h e e二. 把下列英語(yǔ)句子譯成漢語(yǔ):1.Start from the bus stop in front of our school. 2.Take the No.17 bus. 3.Is it far from our school? 4.Put the flag on the school. 5.There is a hospital in the middle.三 .把下列單詞組合成正確的句子 1.on ,left,the,is,the,bookstare2.dinosaur,show,is,in,there,museum,today,the,a, 3.can,get,how,museum,I,to,the. 4,it,far,is,here,from5,want,buy,I ,pair,to,a ,shoes,of.四.選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~補(bǔ)全對(duì)話For, where, welcome, hospital, left, after, pair, by, on, get. Li Ming:What are you going to do school? Amy: I want to buy a of shoes.is the shoe store?Li Ming:It's next to the . Amy:How can I to the hospital?Li Ming:You can go the NO,301 bus.Get off at the cinema.Then walk straight three minutes.The hospital is the . Amy:Thank you. Li Ming:You are .五.把下列各句按照先后順序重新排列:(A)Get off at the post office. (B)Find the white building on the left. (C)Take the No.17 bus. (D)Look for me near the door.(E)Start from the bus in front of our school.(F)Walk east for three minutes.六.按要求變化下列句型:1.The museum is next to the hospital.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) the museum?2.The bookstore is far from here.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌??3.---Thank you.(作出相應(yīng)的回答) 4.祝愿他人生日快樂時(shí)說: 5.I am near the door.(對(duì)劃線部分提問) you?七.把下列漢語(yǔ)句子譯成英語(yǔ). 1.書店在左邊. 2.直走三分鐘. 3.在電影院下車. 4.乘12路公共汽車. 5.它在學(xué)校的東邊.八,填入空缺的字母: 1. l br ry 2.h sp tal九.從下列各組詞中找出不同類的詞,將其序號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi). ( )1. A.library B.hospital C,cinema D,party. ( )2.A.north B,party C.south D.east ( )3.A.wait B.bus C.train D.bike十,選擇填空,( )1.Sarah:Where is the library? Zhang Peng: A.It's in front of the school. B.Where is the school? C.Is there a library near here? D.Yes,it is. ( )2.Liu:Excuse me,is there a cinema near here? Policeman:A.Yes,there are. B.No,there aren't. CYes,there is. D,No,there is.十一.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)挠⒆g ( )1.請(qǐng)問,電影院在哪兒?A. Where is the cinema,please? B. Where is the school,please? C. Where is the post office,please? D. Where is the library,please? ( )2.醫(yī)院離這兒很遠(yuǎn)嗎?A.You're welcome. B.No,it's not far. e - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt 四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人稱代詞與物主代詞一、人稱代詞人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 主格 賓格 主格 賓格第一人稱 I me we us第二人稱 you you you you第三人稱 he him they them she her it it 二、物主代詞 數(shù) 人稱類別 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞 my your his her its our your their名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs漢語(yǔ) 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他(她、它)們的六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類 1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. ☆注意☆ 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" . 3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答. 如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not. Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.) Will he 。
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法及習(xí)題一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。
如:The sky isblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
如:I get up atsix every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。 3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。
如:The earth goesaround the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如: I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。 2.行為動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。
如: We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。
如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化 1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句:主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問句:Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。
如:Where is mybike? 2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。 否定句:主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。
如: I don't like bread. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如: He doesn't often play. 一般疑問句:Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。
如: - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如: - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。
如:How doesyour father go to work?動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____come________ watch______ plant_______ fly________study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _______(like) cooking.12. They _______(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _______(do) your homework well.15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.20. -What day _______(be) ittoday?- It's Saturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)___________________________________________________2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句,作肯定回答)___________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答)___________________________________________________5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_______________________________________________________6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)___________________________________________________7。
PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)總復(fù)習(xí)一:學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。
單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I , you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)二:形容詞比較級(jí)詳解當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí)。
比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter☆注意 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西。典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng)。)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性。應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? He's 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? It's 2kg.二、根據(jù)句意寫出所缺的單詞(1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you.(2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I'm than my brother.(2) 這棵樹要比那棵樹高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰(shuí)比你重? than you?四、根據(jù)答句寫出問句(1) I'm 160 cm.(2) I'm 12 years old.(4) Amy's hair is 30 cm long.三:動(dòng)詞過去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)④ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting五:人稱和數(shù) 人稱代詞 物主代詞 主格 賓格 第一人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的) 復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的)第二人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的) 復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的)第三人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的) she(她) her her(她的) it(它) it its(它的) 復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類1、肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. ☆注意 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。
有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面,可縮寫成“isn't,aren't”,但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don't , doesn't , didn't )。
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用“did” 。3、一。
一:學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯 1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a. 2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are. 5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any. 6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢) 二:形容詞比較級(jí)詳解 當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí).比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是: 什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如: I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.) 形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是: ① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer , ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier ④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter ☆注意☆ 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西. 典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng).) 比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性. 應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. . 三:動(dòng)詞過去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有: A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 ① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed: ② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d: ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)④ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing , ③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少) 五:人稱和數(shù) 六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類 肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來陳述的句子, 2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子 ☆注意☆ 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" . 3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答. ☆注意☆ 小結(jié):一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上, ①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可. ②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可. 這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的. 4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.stopped。
不知道這些算不算。
. 主要記語(yǔ)法的定義和用法 對(duì)自己的情況進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí) 加油!第一章 名 詞 一、定義 名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它既可以表示具體的東西,也可以是表示抽象的東西。
2、可數(shù)名詞與不定冠詞a(an)連用有數(shù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞不能與不定冠詞a(an)連用,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) much/a little+不可數(shù)名詞 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 兩者都可以修飾。 3、可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來修飾 不可數(shù)名詞 數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how much 4、不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法: 1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),又可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。 如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
i'll tell you much good news.我要告訴你許多好消息。 we should collect some useful information我們應(yīng)該收集一些有用的消息。
2) 用單位詞表示。 用a 。
of 表示。 如 a cup of ( 一杯。
),a bottle of (一瓶。
) a piece of ( 一張。
),a pair of shoes(一雙鞋) 如two cups of tea(兩杯茶),five pieces of paper(五張紙) 注意單位詞后的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式;千、百等數(shù)詞與名詞加用,表示復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),數(shù)詞仍保持單數(shù),名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。
第二章 冠 詞一、定義冠詞是一種虛詞,本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面(相當(dāng)于名詞的帽子),幫助指明名詞的含義。三、用法1、定冠詞的用法a 、an與數(shù)詞one 同源,是"一個(gè)"的意思。
a用于輔音音素前,而an則用于元音音素前。(1) 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè),經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時(shí),用不定冠詞起介紹作用,表示一個(gè)。
i gave him a book yesterday .我昨天給了他一本書i am reading an interesting story . 我在讀一則有趣的故事。 (2) 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個(gè)代表一類。
a horse is useful to mankind. 馬對(duì)人類有用。 (3) 不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時(shí)間, 速度, 價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前,表示 "每一"。
we often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。 i went to the library once a week at least. (4) 不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。
a boy came to see you a moment ago. 剛才有一個(gè)小孩來找你。(5)在序數(shù)詞前表示"又一;再一"時(shí)。
如:i want to read the story a second time 我想再讀一遍這篇小說 。(6) 表示不特定的"某一個(gè)"時(shí)。
如:a mr. smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生來電話找你 。(7)在特定的短語(yǔ)里表示特定的含義,與不可數(shù)名詞連用,如:have a good time 過得高興(8) 一日三餐前有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)。
如:-mum, what shall we have for lunch?-jiaozi. -oh, what a wonderful lunch! i enjoy it very much.(9) 在形容詞最高級(jí)前表示"非常"時(shí)。如:lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.(10)不定冠詞用于某些詞組中。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden2.定冠詞的用法定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that,these,those同源,有"那(這)個(gè)" "這(那)些"的意思,但較弱,可以和一個(gè)名詞連用,來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。以下為必須加定冠詞的情形:(1)在表示雙方都明白的人或物的名詞之前:take the medicine. 把藥吃了。
(2)在上文提到過的人或事的名稱之前: he bought a house. i've been to the house. 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。
(3)在指世上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞之前: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth (4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如: the fox is cunning .狐貍是狡猾的。(5)與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
(6)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only, very, same等前面: where do you live? i live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二層。 that's the very thing that ineed 那正是我需要的東西。
(7)在表示"。世紀(jì)。
年代"的結(jié)構(gòu)之前第三章 介詞一、定義介詞preposition縮寫prep.,又叫前置詞,表示其后的名詞或代詞(或是相當(dāng)于名詞的其他短語(yǔ)或從句)與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。介詞是一種虛詞,不能單獨(dú)在句中作成分。
二、介詞的用法1、表示時(shí)間的(at 、on、in、at、before ,after、by、until、through、from、since、within)(1)at:用于表示時(shí)刻,時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)。 at noon在午時(shí) at night在夜間 at present目前(2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時(shí),一律用)on sunday在星期天 on sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on march 8 在3月8日(3)in:用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。
in 1999 在1999年 in november 在11月份 in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午過……后(未來時(shí)間)。
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