Playing the Lute to a Cow 對(duì)牛彈琴 In ancient times was a man who played the zither very well. Once, he played a tune in front of a cow, hoping that the cow would appreciate it. The tune was melodious ,but the cow showed no reaction, and just kept on eating grass. The man sighed, and went away. This idiom is used to indicate[5IndIket]reasoning with stubborn[5stQbLn]people or talking to the wrong audience。
一、源于歷史故事或歷史事件。
歷史上出現(xiàn)過(guò)眾多的著名歷史故事或事件,后人常用一簡(jiǎn)潔說(shuō)法表達(dá)其內(nèi)容,沿用久了就成了成語(yǔ)。如Sword damocles出自古代希臘的一則歷史故事。
業(yè)通古希臘歷史、文學(xué)的羅馬杰出作家與政論家西塞羅(106BC?3BC)在其論文《圖斯庫(kù)拉的談話》中寫道:“紀(jì)元前4世紀(jì)西西里島上敘拉古的統(tǒng)治者狄?jiàn)W尼修斯一世(406BC?67BC)有個(gè)親信的佞叫達(dá)摩克里斯,他很羨慕帝王的豪華生活,常說(shuō):“君王是人世間最幸福的人”。狄?jiàn)W尼修斯為了教訓(xùn)這個(gè)想得君位者,在一次宴會(huì)上,要他坐在國(guó)王的寶座上,當(dāng)他猛然抬頭,只見(jiàn)頭頂上有一把用頭發(fā)懸著的寶劍,隨時(shí)都刺到頭頂?shù)奈kU(xiǎn)。
他嚇得戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢,如坐針氈,時(shí)刻提心吊膽,惶惶不安。由此便產(chǎn)生了“達(dá)摩克里斯的寶劍”這個(gè)成語(yǔ),它被用來(lái)比喻臨頭的危險(xiǎn)或情況的危急,類似于漢語(yǔ)的“千鈞一發(fā)”。
又如burn one's boats(bridges),此成語(yǔ)中的bridges為美國(guó)人所使用,原指古羅馬朱力斯·凱撒大軍乘船越過(guò)Rubicon后就把船燒了,以此向士兵指明后路已斷,不可能后退?,F(xiàn)借用來(lái)比喻“不留后路,下定決心干到底”,同漢語(yǔ)的“破釜沉舟“。
二、源于寓言故事。寓言是用比喻的形式說(shuō)明一定的道理,是文學(xué)作品中最為短小精練的一種形式。
如kill the goose to get the eggs,源于希臘寓言,說(shuō)的是曾有一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)下人,因?yàn)榘l(fā)財(cái)心切殺死了自己飼養(yǎng)的那只能下金蛋的鵝,以為如此就可一次獲得全部想象中的金塊,但其結(jié)果一無(wú)所獲。現(xiàn)借比喻只貪圖眼前利益,沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算。
但漢語(yǔ)中不說(shuō)“殺鵝取卵”而說(shuō)“殺雞取卵”,喻體不同,因此漢譯時(shí)須遵循漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的搭配規(guī)律。又如Veper and File出自《伊索寓言》,說(shuō)的是一條蝰蛇(Viper)發(fā)現(xiàn)一把鐵銼(File),以為是一頓美餐。
但鐵銼說(shuō),它的天職是咬別人,而不是被別人咬。后人借此比喻“騙人者反受人騙”,漢譯時(shí)要作直譯或意譯處理。
三、源于神話故事。神話是關(guān)于神仙或神化的古代英雄的故事,是古代人們對(duì)自然現(xiàn)象和社會(huì)生活的一種天真的解釋和美好向往。
如rain cats and dogs,源于北歐神話,貓對(duì)天氣有很大影響,英國(guó)水手至今說(shuō):“貓尾巴藏大風(fēng)”。據(jù)說(shuō)駕暴風(fēng)雨的巫士化為貓形。
狗是風(fēng)的信號(hào),狗和狼都是暴風(fēng)雨神奧丁的隨從。在德國(guó)古畫中,風(fēng)被畫成狗頭和狼頭。
因此,貓被年作暴雨的象征,狗是伴隨暴雨的強(qiáng)風(fēng),to rain cats and dogs就是to rain heavily/hard,漢譯便為“下傾盆大到雨”。又如Analthea's horn,漢譯常為“豐饒的羊角”。
阿瑪爾忒亞(Amalthea),希臘祖籍中一神女,是宙斯(Zeus為主神,相當(dāng)于羅馬神話中的朱庇特Jupiter)的保姆。嬰兒時(shí)宙斯由神女阿瑪爾忒亞喂以羊乳。
為了感思,宙斯敲下一羊角送給她。許諾讓羊角主人永遠(yuǎn)豐饒。
四、傳說(shuō)。傳說(shuō)指的是人們口頭流傳下來(lái)的關(guān)于某人某事的敘述。
如swan song,據(jù)傳說(shuō),音樂(lè)之神阿波羅(Apollo)的靈魂進(jìn)入了一只天鵝,由此產(chǎn)生了畢達(dá)哥斯寓言:所有杰出詩(shī)人的靈魂都進(jìn)入天鵝體內(nèi)。另?yè)?jù)相傳天鵝(swan)在臨終前唱的歌最優(yōu)美動(dòng)聽(tīng)。
后人就用swan song來(lái)比喻詩(shī)人、作曲家、演員等的“最后作品”,這也是其漢譯形式。又如Leave no stone unturned,相傳公元前447年波斯獎(jiǎng)軍馬多尼奧斯在希臘的普拉蒂亞兵敗被殺后,留下一大批財(cái)寶在軍帳里。
底比斯的波利克拉特斯搜尋卻一無(wú)所獲,請(qǐng)示德?tīng)栰成裰I后知道要“翻轉(zhuǎn)所有的石頭”,最后找到了財(cái)寶?,F(xiàn)借此比喻想方設(shè)法等,漢譯為“千方百計(jì),想盡辦法”。
五、源于民間飛俗。如a bird of ill omen,源出古代占卜風(fēng)俗,延至今日,貓頭鷹、鸛則被視為吉祥鳥(niǎo))。
渡鳥(niǎo)嗅覺(jué)靈敏,能確定遠(yuǎn)方死尸和腐尸地點(diǎn)。因此渡鳥(niǎo)象征死亡。
貓頭鷹在惡劣天氣來(lái)臨之前喊叫,而壞天氣常帶來(lái)疾病,故貓頭鷹被視為喪鳥(niǎo),陰森之鳥(niǎo)。后人以此比喻“不吉利的人,常帶來(lái)不幸消息的人”,漢譯也是如此。
又如a feather in your cap,漢譯為“值得榮耀的事、榮譽(yù)”。源于廣泛流行于亞洲和美洲印第安人當(dāng)中的一種風(fēng)俗:每殺死一個(gè)敵人就在頭飾或帽子上加插一根羽毛。
古代呂西亞人和許多其他古人也有類似風(fēng)俗,均以此來(lái)顯示戰(zhàn)績(jī)與榮譽(yù)。六、源于諺語(yǔ)。
諺語(yǔ)是在人閃中間流傳的固定語(yǔ)句,用簡(jiǎn)單通俗的話反映出深刻的道理,是社會(huì)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)。如birds of a feather,birds of a feather flock together.即“物以類聚,人以群分”,轉(zhuǎn)義為“一丘之貉”。
在《魯迅全集》中有這樣一句:“增加混亂的倒是有些悲觀論者……將一切作者詆為‘一丘之貉’”。其英譯為In fact it is these pessimists who increase the chaos by…considering all writers birds of a feather.又如 early bird,其漢澤為“早起者,早到的人”,源出諺語(yǔ)The early bird gets/catches the worm.意為“捷足先登(得),先下手為強(qiáng)”。
比較First come,first served.意指“先到的先招待”,與前一個(gè)有所不同。七、源于某些作品。
英語(yǔ)中有較好的成語(yǔ)出自某些作品,有的是原封未動(dòng)的摘引,有的是節(jié)縮而成。如wash one's hands of a thing,可譯為“洗手不干……;與……斷絕關(guān)系”。
出自《馬太福音》,猶太巡撫彼拉多主持審判耶穌,由于他判定。
運(yùn)動(dòng)英語(yǔ)小典故:10個(gè)最常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)
英語(yǔ)中有許多慣用語(yǔ) (idiom)都是源自各種運(yùn)動(dòng)術(shù)語(yǔ)。這些慣用語(yǔ)除了用做字面的意思之外,經(jīng)常還含有隱喻(metaphor) 的意思。
[田徑]track and field jump the gun:(字面)偷跑。田徑比賽時(shí),裁判還沒(méi)有鳴槍,選手就搶先起跑了。(比喻)過(guò)早采取行動(dòng)。如果用在合唱,某人提前唱出某音時(shí),就是“放炮”。
[美式足球]American football Monday morning quarterback: (字面)周一早晨的四分衛(wèi)。美國(guó)電視在足球季的每個(gè)星期天都會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)播一場(chǎng)比賽。由于是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)節(jié)目,結(jié)果立刻分曉。等到第二天早晨看了報(bào)紙才發(fā)表‘真知灼見(jiàn)’,為時(shí)以晚矣?。ū扔鳎?事后諸葛亮;放馬后炮。
[拳擊]boxing have a glass jaw: (字面)有個(gè)玻璃做的下顎。在拳擊賽中,下顎像是玻璃做的,一被擊中就不支倒地。(比喻) 不堪一擊。
[馬術(shù)]horseback riding get on one's high horse:(字面)騎上一匹高大的馬。從前,馬術(shù)師自以為騎馬的人高高在上,所以比用腳走路的人優(yōu)越。(比喻) 擺出傲慢的態(tài)度;擺高姿態(tài)。
[高爾夫]golf not up to par: (字面)沒(méi)有達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桿數(shù)。高爾夫球戲中,每一洞依難度及遠(yuǎn)近有一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桿數(shù),例如第一洞的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桿數(shù)是四桿。因此,桿數(shù)越低越好。若擊出超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桿數(shù),沒(méi)有達(dá)到一般水平,就是 not up to par. (比喻)做事情沒(méi)有達(dá)到應(yīng)有的標(biāo)準(zhǔn);也可以說(shuō)是失常。注意:up to par 不用于肯定句。
[斗牛]bullfighting take the bull by the horns:(字面)斗牛比賽時(shí),斗牛士常握著牛角以扳倒牛,這是一項(xiàng)艱難又危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)作。(比喻)采取果敢的行動(dòng)應(yīng)付艱難的局面;面對(duì)困難采取行動(dòng)。雖然字面的意思上像是中文里的‘執(zhí)牛耳’,而‘執(zhí)牛耳’的英文卻可以用 rule the roost [roast] 來(lái)表達(dá)。
[游泳]swimming sink or swim: (字面)遇到河流時(shí),沉到水底或游泳逃生。 (比喻)不成功便成仁。
[網(wǎng)球]tennis The ball is in your court.: (字面)該由你發(fā)球了。許多運(yùn)動(dòng)的場(chǎng)地以網(wǎng)隔開(kāi),并由雙方輪流發(fā)球,像網(wǎng)球、排球、羽毛球等。(比喻)輪到該你負(fù)責(zé)了;輪到你采取行動(dòng)了。
[賽馬]horse racing neck and neck: (字面)賽馬時(shí)兩馬頸部同時(shí)抵達(dá)終點(diǎn),即以平手論。(比喻)并駕齊驅(qū);不分勝負(fù);不相上下;不分軒輊。
[籃球]basketball The game isn't over until the fat lady sings.: (字面)胖婦人未唱歌前,比賽不算結(jié)束。這是達(dá)拉斯小牛隊(duì)前教練 Dick Motta 的一句名言,指一場(chǎng)比賽緊張激烈,不到結(jié)束時(shí)刻,仍然勝負(fù)未卜。在歌劇中,往往在結(jié)束前的高潮便是由一位身材豐滿的女聲樂(lè)家表演。胖婦人開(kāi)始唱歌是比喻比賽將要結(jié)束。(比喻) 比賽不到最后一刻不知鹿死誰(shuí)手。
Plug one's ears while stealing a bell(掩耳盜鈴)完整的英語(yǔ),后面有中文意思:)~
In the Spring and Autumn period, a thief had stolen a bell and intended to carry it away on his back, but the bell was too bulky and heavy to be carried, so he tried to break it into pieces with a hammer to make it easier for carrying. On his first hit, however, the bell made a loud noise. He thus feared that the ringing sound might be heard by someone, who would come to rob him of his bell. His fright made him plug his own ears, while hitting the bell with the hammer. The bell sound was, nevertheless, audible to others and therefore to stuff his ears for the purpose of stealing a bell was a stupid action it is as foolish as burying one's head in the sand.
from Huai Nanzi(淮南子著)
掩耳盜鈴
在春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,有一個(gè)小偷偷了一只鐘。他準(zhǔn)備把鐘扛在背上帶走??墒晴娪执笥殖?,很難扛走。因此他想用錘子把鐘敲成碎片,這樣運(yùn)起來(lái)就能多了??墒牵昧艘幌?,那只鐘發(fā)出巨大的響聲。他怕別人聽(tīng)到了鐘聲會(huì)來(lái)?yè)屗溺?,于是他在錘子敲鐘時(shí)捂上了自己的耳朵。不過(guò),即使他這樣做,別人還是聽(tīng)得到鐘聲的。所以掩耳盜鈴是非常愚蠢的行為,就像把頭埋在沙子中一樣。
(淮南子著)
1、The Wolf and the Lamb A WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him. He thus addressed him: "Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf, "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying,"Well! I won't remain supperless, even though you refute everyone of my imputations." The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny. 2、The Bat and the Weasels A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. 3、The Lion and the Mouse A LION was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up angrily, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying: "If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness." The Lion laughed and let him go. It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by st ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came gnawed the rope with his teeth, and set him free, exclaim "You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favor; I now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to con benefits on a Lion." 4、The Father and His Sons A FATHER had a family of sons who were perpetually quarreling among themselves. When he failed to heal their disputes by his exhortations, he determined to give them a practical illustration of the evils of disunion; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the faggot into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it. He next opened the faggot, took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into his sons' hands, upon which they broke them easily. He then addressed them in these words: "My sons, if you are of one mind, and unite to assist each other, you will be as this faggot, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are divided among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as these sticks." 5、A CHARCOAL-BURNER carried on his trade in his own house. One day he met a friend, a Fuller, and entreated him to come and live with him, saying that they should be far better neighbors and that their housekeeping expenses would be lessened. The Fuller replied, "The arrangement is impossible as far as I am concerned, for whatever I should whiten, you would immediately blacken again with your charcoal." Like will draw like.。
一、源于歷史故事或歷史事件。
歷史上出現(xiàn)過(guò)眾多的著名歷史故事或事件,后人常用一簡(jiǎn)潔說(shuō)法表達(dá)其內(nèi)容,沿用久了就成了成語(yǔ)。如Sword damocles出自古代希臘的一則歷史故事。
業(yè)通古希臘歷史、文學(xué)的羅馬杰出作家與政論家西塞羅(106BC?3BC)在其論文《圖斯庫(kù)拉的談話》中寫道:“紀(jì)元前4世紀(jì)西西里島上敘拉古的統(tǒng)治者狄?jiàn)W尼修斯一世(406BC?67BC)有個(gè)親信的佞叫達(dá)摩克里斯,他很羨慕帝王的豪華生活,常說(shuō):“君王是人世間最幸福的人”。狄?jiàn)W尼修斯為了教訓(xùn)這個(gè)想得君位者,在一次宴會(huì)上,要他坐在國(guó)王的寶座上,當(dāng)他猛然抬頭,只見(jiàn)頭頂上有一把用頭發(fā)懸著的寶劍,隨時(shí)都刺到頭頂?shù)奈kU(xiǎn)。
他嚇得戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢,如坐針氈,時(shí)刻提心吊膽,惶惶不安。由此便產(chǎn)生了“達(dá)摩克里斯的寶劍”這個(gè)成語(yǔ),它被用來(lái)比喻臨頭的危險(xiǎn)或情況的危急,類似于漢語(yǔ)的“千鈞一發(fā)”。
又如burn one's boats(bridges),此成語(yǔ)中的bridges為美國(guó)人所使用,原指古羅馬朱力斯·凱撒大軍乘船越過(guò)Rubicon后就把船燒了,以此向士兵指明后路已斷,不可能后退?,F(xiàn)借用來(lái)比喻“不留后路,下定決心干到底”,同漢語(yǔ)的“破釜沉舟“。
二、源于寓言故事。寓言是用比喻的形式說(shuō)明一定的道理,是文學(xué)作品中最為短小精練的一種形式。
如kill the goose to get the eggs,源于希臘寓言,說(shuō)的是曾有一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)下人,因?yàn)榘l(fā)財(cái)心切殺死了自己飼養(yǎng)的那只能下金蛋的鵝,以為如此就可一次獲得全部想象中的金塊,但其結(jié)果一無(wú)所獲?,F(xiàn)借比喻只貪圖眼前利益,沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算。
但漢語(yǔ)中不說(shuō)“殺鵝取卵”而說(shuō)“殺雞取卵”,喻體不同,因此漢譯時(shí)須遵循漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的搭配規(guī)律。又如Veper and File出自《伊索寓言》,說(shuō)的是一條蝰蛇(Viper)發(fā)現(xiàn)一把鐵銼(File),以為是一頓美餐。
但鐵銼說(shuō),它的天職是咬別人,而不是被別人咬。后人借此比喻“騙人者反受人騙”,漢譯時(shí)要作直譯或意譯處理。
三、源于神話故事。神話是關(guān)于神仙或神化的古代英雄的故事,是古代人們對(duì)自然現(xiàn)象和社會(huì)生活的一種天真的解釋和美好向往。
如rain cats and dogs,源于北歐神話,貓對(duì)天氣有很大影響,英國(guó)水手至今說(shuō):“貓尾巴藏大風(fēng)”。據(jù)說(shuō)駕暴風(fēng)雨的巫士化為貓形。
狗是風(fēng)的信號(hào),狗和狼都是暴風(fēng)雨神奧丁的隨從。在德國(guó)古畫中,風(fēng)被畫成狗頭和狼頭。
因此,貓被年作暴雨的象征,狗是伴隨暴雨的強(qiáng)風(fēng),to rain cats and dogs就是to rain heavily/hard,漢譯便為“下傾盆大到雨”。又如Analthea's horn,漢譯常為“豐饒的羊角”。
阿瑪爾忒亞(Amalthea),希臘祖籍中一神女,是宙斯(Zeus為主神,相當(dāng)于羅馬神話中的朱庇特Jupiter)的保姆。嬰兒時(shí)宙斯由神女阿瑪爾忒亞喂以羊乳。
為了感思,宙斯敲下一羊角送給她。許諾讓羊角主人永遠(yuǎn)豐饒。
四、傳說(shuō)。傳說(shuō)指的是人們口頭流傳下來(lái)的關(guān)于某人某事的敘述。
如swan song,據(jù)傳說(shuō),音樂(lè)之神阿波羅(Apollo)的靈魂進(jìn)入了一只天鵝,由此產(chǎn)生了畢達(dá)哥斯寓言:所有杰出詩(shī)人的靈魂都進(jìn)入天鵝體內(nèi)。另?yè)?jù)相傳天鵝(swan)在臨終前唱的歌最優(yōu)美動(dòng)聽(tīng)。
后人就用swan song來(lái)比喻詩(shī)人、作曲家、演員等的“最后作品”,這也是其漢譯形式。又如Leave no stone unturned,相傳公元前447年波斯獎(jiǎng)軍馬多尼奧斯在希臘的普拉蒂亞兵敗被殺后,留下一大批財(cái)寶在軍帳里。
底比斯的波利克拉特斯搜尋卻一無(wú)所獲,請(qǐng)示德?tīng)栰成裰I后知道要“翻轉(zhuǎn)所有的石頭”,最后找到了財(cái)寶?,F(xiàn)借此比喻想方設(shè)法等,漢譯為“千方百計(jì),想盡辦法”。
五、源于民間飛俗。如a bird of ill omen,源出古代占卜風(fēng)俗,延至今日,貓頭鷹、鸛則被視為吉祥鳥(niǎo))。
渡鳥(niǎo)嗅覺(jué)靈敏,能確定遠(yuǎn)方死尸和腐尸地點(diǎn)。因此渡鳥(niǎo)象征死亡。
貓頭鷹在惡劣天氣來(lái)臨之前喊叫,而壞天氣常帶來(lái)疾病,故貓頭鷹被視為喪鳥(niǎo),陰森之鳥(niǎo)。后人以此比喻“不吉利的人,常帶來(lái)不幸消息的人”,漢譯也是如此。
又如a feather in your cap,漢譯為“值得榮耀的事、榮譽(yù)”。源于廣泛流行于亞洲和美洲印第安人當(dāng)中的一種風(fēng)俗:每殺死一個(gè)敵人就在頭飾或帽子上加插一根羽毛。
古代呂西亞人和許多其他古人也有類似風(fēng)俗,均以此來(lái)顯示戰(zhàn)績(jī)與榮譽(yù)。六、源于諺語(yǔ)。
諺語(yǔ)是在人閃中間流傳的固定語(yǔ)句,用簡(jiǎn)單通俗的話反映出深刻的道理,是社會(huì)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)。如birds of a feather,birds of a feather flock together.即“物以類聚,人以群分”,轉(zhuǎn)義為“一丘之貉”。
在《魯迅全集》中有這樣一句:“增加混亂的倒是有些悲觀論者……將一切作者詆為‘一丘之貉’”。其英譯為In fact it is these pessimists who increase the chaos by…considering all writers birds of a feather.又如 early bird,其漢澤為“早起者,早到的人”,源出諺語(yǔ)The early bird gets/catches the worm.意為“捷足先登(得),先下手為強(qiáng)”。
比較First come,first served.意指“先到的先招待”,與前一個(gè)有所不同。七、源于某些作品。
英語(yǔ)中有較好的成語(yǔ)出自某些作品,有的是原封未動(dòng)的摘引,有的是節(jié)縮而成。如wash one's hands of a thing,可譯為“洗手不干……;與……斷絕關(guān)系”。
出自《馬太福音》,猶太巡撫彼拉多主持審判耶穌,由于他。
Happy as a sand boy是一條英國(guó)諺語(yǔ),其起源可以追溯到19世紀(jì)初期。其實(shí)sand boy不一定專指賣沙子的“小男孩”,因?yàn)樵谶^(guò)去,boy多為對(duì)社會(huì)地位較低的成年人的愛(ài)稱,因此sand boy多半指代那些為謀生計(jì),挨家挨戶叫賣沙子的成年人。賣沙子今天聽(tīng)起來(lái)有些好笑,但在19世紀(jì)確實(shí)是一項(xiàng)有利可圖的買賣,人們需要沙子來(lái)打磨地板,吸收水漬,很多小酒館還流行用沙子來(lái)鋪地,營(yíng)造一種舒適浪漫的效果。
那么這些賣沙子的窮人為什么這么快樂(lè)呢?一種可能是:他們販賣的貨物是不需要多少本錢的,只要找到一塊干凈的沙地,就有了充足的免費(fèi)貨源,因此他們每賺到一點(diǎn)錢都非常開(kāi)心。
另一種理論來(lái)自一種傳說(shuō):賣沙子的人對(duì)酒精有特殊的偏好。19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)著名現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)家查爾斯·迪更斯在他1841年的小說(shuō)《老古玩店》(The Old Curiosity Shop)中描寫了一個(gè)叫“The Jolly Sandboys”的酒館,門口掛著一個(gè)標(biāo)志牌,上面畫著三個(gè)賣沙人舉著大杯啤酒開(kāi)懷暢飲,看上去非常開(kāi)心。
然而,到了19世紀(jì)中期,鋸屑逐漸取代了沙子,成為酒館和商店風(fēng)行的鋪地用品,所以sand boy們就無(wú)法再像以前那么開(kāi)心了。
“to let the cat out of the bag”,它的意思是“揭露一個(gè)秘密”,尤其是很重要、關(guān)鍵的那種。關(guān)于這個(gè)詞組的記載可以追溯到1760年,但據(jù)說(shuō)此前一兩百年就有這種說(shuō)法了。
Plug one's ears while stealing a bell(掩耳盜鈴)完整的英語(yǔ),后面有中文意思:)~ In the Spring and Autumn period, a thief had stolen a bell and intended to carry it away on his back, but the bell was too bulky and heavy to be carried, so he tried to break it into pieces with a hammer to make it easier for carrying. On his first hit, however, the bell made a loud noise. He thus feared that the ringing sound might be heard by someone, who would come to rob him of his bell. His fright made him plug his own ears, while hitting the bell with the hammer. The bell sound was, nevertheless, audible to others and therefore to stuff his ears for the purpose of stealing a bell was a stupid action it is as foolish as burying one's head in the sand. from Huai Nanzi(淮南子著) 掩耳盜鈴 在春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,有一個(gè)小偷偷了一只鐘。
他準(zhǔn)備把鐘扛在背上帶走??墒晴娪执笥殖?,很難扛走。
因此他想用錘子把鐘敲成碎片,這樣運(yùn)起來(lái)就能多了??墒牵昧艘幌?,那只鐘發(fā)出巨大的響聲。
他怕別人聽(tīng)到了鐘聲會(huì)來(lái)?yè)屗溺姡谑撬阱N子敲鐘時(shí)捂上了自己的耳朵。不過(guò),即使他這樣做,別人還是聽(tīng)得到鐘聲的。
所以掩耳盜鈴是非常愚蠢的行為,就像把頭埋在沙子中一樣。 (淮南子著)。
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