PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)總復(fù)習(xí) 一:學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯1. a, an的選擇: 元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞用an,輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞用a.2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are, I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。
單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have, I \you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物或某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問(wèn)句和否定句用any.6. 疑問(wèn)詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢(qián)) 二:形容詞比較級(jí)詳解 當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí)。
比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的,它的變化規(guī)則是:① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,② 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier ④ 雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter ☆注意☆ 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西。典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng)。)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比性。應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一、從下面中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? He's 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? It's 2kg.二、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞(1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you.(2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.(貴的) 三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I'm than my brother.(2) 這棵樹(shù)要比那棵樹(shù)高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰(shuí)比你重? than you?四、根據(jù)答句寫(xiě)出問(wèn)句(1) I'm 160 cm.(2) I'm 12 years old.(4) Amy's hair is 30 cm long.三:動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 ① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類) ④ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt 四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人稱和數(shù) 人稱代詞 物主代詞 主格 賓格 第一 人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的) 復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的) 第二 人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的) 復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的) 第三 人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的) she(她) her her(她的) it(它) it its(它的) 復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的) 六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類1、肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.☆注意☆ 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。
有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面,可縮寫(xiě)成“isn't,aren't”,但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě)。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如“don't , doesn't , didn't )。
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),。
六年級(jí)第一學(xué)期重點(diǎn)詞匯和語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)(2012.1)一、六年級(jí)第一學(xué)期要求掌握的詞匯中的重點(diǎn)詞匯(80個(gè))1 almost adv.幾乎 41 kind adj.善良的,友好的 2 amazing adj.令人驚異的 42 laugh at v.嘲笑 3 another adj. 另一,再一 43 least adj. 最少的,最小的 4 area n.地區(qū) 44 less adj. 更少的,更小的 5 around prep.在周圍 45 lemon n.檸檬 6 away adv. 遠(yuǎn)離,離開(kāi) 46 late adj.遲的 7 beautiful adj.美麗的 47 lunchtime n.午餐時(shí)間 8 beef n.牛肉 48 medal n.獎(jiǎng)牌 9 body n.身體 49 metre n.米 10 boil v.沸騰,煮… 50 minute n.分鐘 11 brave adj. 勇敢的 51 Monkey King n.孫悟空 12 bright adj.明亮的,聰明的 52 most adj.最多 13 building n.樓,建筑物 53 near adj.近的 14 centimeter n.厘米 54 near to 離…近 15 character n.人物 55 New Zealand n.新西蘭 16 city n.城市 56 planet n.行星 17 could conj.能,能夠 57 pork n.豬肉 18 country n.國(guó)家,農(nóng)村,鄉(xiāng)下 58 province n.省 19 delicious adj.美味的 59 question n.問(wèn)題 20 during prep.在期間 60 river n.河流 21 earth n.地球 61 runner n.賽跑者,操作者 22 exercise v.鍛煉 62 salt n.鹽 23 fact n.事實(shí) 63 second place n.第二名 24 famous adj.著名的 64 shark n.鯊魚(yú) 25 far adj.遠(yuǎn)的 65 since conj.自從,既然,因?yàn)?26 first place n.第一名 66 smart adj.聰明的,伶俐的 27 funny adj.滑稽的 67 Snow White n.白雪公主 28 give out v.頒發(fā) 68 sour adj.酸的 29 hard-working adj.努力工作的 69 state n.州 30 heavy adj.重的 70 still adv.仍然 31 high adj.高的 71 strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的 32 honest adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的 72 talk about 談?wù)?,討?33 huge adj.巨大的 73 talk to 和…說(shuō)話 34 hurdle n.跨欄 74 team n.隊(duì),組 35 important adj.重要的 75 test n.測(cè)試 36 in fact 事實(shí)上 76 third place n.第三名 37 island n.小島 77 wake up 叫醒, 醒來(lái) 38 Journey tothe West n.西游記 78 weak adj.虛弱的 39 jumper n.跳躍的人 79 weight n.啞鈴 40 kilogram n.千克 80 winner n.獲勝者 二、六年級(jí)第一學(xué)期要求掌握的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)(Book 11,約20個(gè)核心句子):Last year, you were tall. This year, you are taller.I was short. This year, I'm taller and heavier. I'm taller than Kim now.Peter is faster than Tom.The longest river in China is the Yangtze River.What is the highest mountain in the world?Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.The sun is huge. It's much bigger than the Earth. The Earth is one of the hottest planets.You're a better jumper this year than last year. Alice is the best jumper in the school.They won more medals than Dragon Team.They won the most medals and they are in first place.She had the best score. He had the most gold medals.He was the fastest runner in the 2004 Olympics. His record was 7.81 seconds.I like Monkey King the best.He is the most interesting character.She is more beautiful than Cinderella.I like vegetables so I brought vegetable soup.I need some water or juice.I put in lots of chocolate and sugar. It's delicious but it's not healthy to eat too much sweet food.。
小升初六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)全面匯總2013-09-16 一、詞類: 動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法: 先用“一(量詞)”(如:一個(gè)、一張等)和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō),如說(shuō)得通,一般認(rèn)為是名詞;說(shuō)不通再用“很”去判斷,就是把“很”和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō),說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞;都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。
(目前我們學(xué)過(guò)的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明顯的,如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道) 1、動(dòng)詞 這里所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱,其中包括行為動(dòng)詞(就是我們平時(shí)總說(shuō)的那種動(dòng)詞)、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 (1)行為動(dòng)詞 就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞,表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。
如:sweep、live等。 行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過(guò)它們的四種形式: 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具體判斷方法如下: ↗有,就加ing 讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞→理解意思→看有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞 (若是be going to 就用原形) ↘沒(méi)有,再看情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ↗有,就用原形 ↗有,就加ed ↘沒(méi)有,再看有無(wú)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ↗是第三人稱單數(shù)就加s或es ↘沒(méi)有,再看主語(yǔ) ↘不是第三人稱單數(shù)就用原形 (2)be動(dòng)詞 a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑問(wèn)句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren't. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn't. 我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的be動(dòng)詞大致分兩類:is、am、are為一類,一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)中,was和were為另一類,一般用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 判斷步驟: ↗第一、三人稱單數(shù),就用was ↗有,再看人稱 ↘第二人稱單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù),就用were 看有無(wú)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ↗第一人稱單數(shù),就用am ↘沒(méi)有,再看人稱→第三人稱單數(shù),就有is ↘第二人稱單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù),就用are (3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞,平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。 我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can、must、should、would、may。
接觸最多的是can。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。
(不受其他任何條件影響) 2、名詞 表示某一事物,有具體的和抽象的之分。判斷的關(guān)鍵詞往往是be動(dòng)詞,be動(dòng)詞如果是am、is或was,名詞就用原形;be動(dòng)詞如果是are或were,名詞就加s或es。
這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn):不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù),所以總是用is或者was;最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷,以免受誤導(dǎo)。 如何加后綴: a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries d.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives e.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 判斷步驟: ↗如是am、is或was→原形 讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞→理解意思→看be動(dòng)詞 ↘如是are或were→加s或es 3、形容詞(包括副詞) 形容詞表示某一事物或的特征,副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。
形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。 未作比較的情況下就用原形,比較時(shí)就+er。
兩個(gè)重要特征:as……as中間一定用原形,有th。
PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)總復(fù)習(xí)一:學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯1. a, an的選擇: 元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞用an,輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞用a.2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are, I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。
單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have, I \you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物或某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問(wèn)句和否定句用any.6. 疑問(wèn)詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢(qián)) 二:形容詞比較級(jí)詳解當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí)。
比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的,它的變化規(guī)則是:① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,② 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier④ 雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter☆注意☆ 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西。典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng)。)
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比性。應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一、從下面中選出合適的單詞完成句子heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? He's 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? It's 2kg.二、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞(1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you.(2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.(貴的)三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I'm than my brother.(2) 這棵樹(shù)要比那棵樹(shù)高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰(shuí)比你重? than you?四、根據(jù)答句寫(xiě)出問(wèn)句(1) I'm 160 cm.(2) I'm 12 years old.(4) Amy's hair is 30 cm long.三:動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)④ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing③ 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting五:人稱和數(shù) 人稱代詞 物主代詞 主格 賓格 第一人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的) 復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的)第二人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的) 復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的)第三人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的) she(她) her her(她的) it(它) it its(它的) 復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類1、肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.☆注意☆ 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。
有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面,可縮寫(xiě)成“isn't,aren't”,但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě)。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如“don't , doesn't , didn't )。
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而“did”。
小學(xué)六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 一、詞類:1、動(dòng)詞:行為動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
(1)行為動(dòng)詞 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具體判斷方法如下:(2)be動(dòng)詞 a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑問(wèn)句 Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren't. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn't. is、am、are為一類,一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)中。
was和were為另一類,一般用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can、must、should、would、may。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)2、名詞 這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn):不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù),所以總是用is或者was。
如何加后綴:a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries d.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives e.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 3、形容詞(包括副詞) 形容詞表示某一事物或的特征,副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。
未作比較的情況下就用原形,比較時(shí)就+er。兩個(gè)重要特征:as……as中間一定用原形,有than的時(shí)候一定+er。
4、人稱代詞和物主代詞 人稱代詞物主代詞 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 形容詞性(短) 名詞性(長(zhǎng)) 形容詞性(短) 名詞性(長(zhǎng)) 第一人稱I me we us my mine our ours 第二人稱you you you you your yours your yours 第三人稱he him they them his his their theirs She her her hers It it its its 人稱代詞:有主格和賓格之分。一般動(dòng)詞前用主格,動(dòng)詞后用賓格。
物主代詞:有兩類:形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的) 一般看后面有沒(méi)有名詞,如有,就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無(wú),就用名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的)。5、數(shù)量詞 我們學(xué)過(guò)兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。
基數(shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少,而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序,常在日期中出現(xiàn)。序數(shù)詞的前面一般都加the。
6、冠詞 有a、an、the。a和an的區(qū)別:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于輔音音素前。
二、否定句:be動(dòng)詞(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can、must、should)+ not、助動(dòng)詞(do、does、did) + not 如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句:1、看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞,如有,直接在be動(dòng)詞后+ not。2、看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如有,直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+ not。
3、如上述二者都沒(méi)有,就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+ not。分四個(gè)步驟:(1)肯定陳述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)后,動(dòng)詞前。
(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does還是did,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do,動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式的助動(dòng)詞就有did。(3)在助動(dòng)詞后加not。
(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),有some的要考慮是否要用any。
三、一般疑問(wèn)句。如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句:1、看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞,如有,把be動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。
2、看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如有,把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都沒(méi)有,就應(yīng)把助動(dòng)提到句首。
分四個(gè)步驟:(1)肯定陳述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)后,動(dòng)詞前。(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does還是did,根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do,動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does,動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式的助動(dòng)詞就有did。
(3)把助動(dòng)詞后提到句首。(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。
強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),有some的要考慮是否要用any。四、特殊疑問(wèn)句。
表示疑問(wèn),有疑問(wèn)詞(在開(kāi)頭),回答有很多種可能。常用疑問(wèn)詞: 疑問(wèn)詞意思用法 When什么時(shí)間問(wèn)時(shí)間 What time 什么時(shí)間問(wèn)具體時(shí)間,如幾點(diǎn)鐘 Who誰(shuí)問(wèn)人 Whose 誰(shuí)的問(wèn)主人 Where在哪里問(wèn)地點(diǎn) Which哪一個(gè)問(wèn)選擇 Why 為什么問(wèn)原因 What 什么問(wèn)東西、事物 What colour什么顏色問(wèn)顏色 What about。
怎么樣問(wèn)意見(jiàn) What day星期幾問(wèn)星期幾 What date什么日期問(wèn)日期 What for 為何目的問(wèn)目的 How 。
怎樣問(wèn)情況 How old多大年紀(jì)問(wèn)年紀(jì) How many多少數(shù)量(可數(shù)名詞)問(wèn)數(shù)量 How much多少錢(qián);多少數(shù)量(不可數(shù)名詞)問(wèn)多少錢(qián)或數(shù)量(不可數(shù)) How about。
怎么樣問(wèn)意見(jiàn) How often多久問(wèn)頻率 How long多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間問(wèn)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 how soon 指再過(guò)多久,主要用來(lái)對(duì)表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間 How far 多遠(yuǎn)問(wèn)多遠(yuǎn);多長(zhǎng)距離 五、祈使句 表示請(qǐng)求或命令別人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭(有時(shí)有please)。
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總一、時(shí) 態(tài) 小 結(jié)時(shí)態(tài) 定義 特征 動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作. every day/morning/…usually 第三人稱單數(shù)的變化情況:1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-s2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o結(jié)尾的詞加-es(wishes)3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,將y改成i再加-es(flies)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. now/ look/ listen 現(xiàn)在分詞的變化情況:1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-ing2. 以e結(jié)尾的詞,去掉e再加-ing(skating)3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母加-ing (swimming)一般過(guò)去時(shí) 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況. yesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/montha minute ago/an hour agothis morning/afternoon/evening 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化情況:1. 一般情況在詞尾直接加-ed2. 以e結(jié)尾的詞加-d(lived)3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,將y改成i再加-ed(flied)4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母加-ed(stopped)一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表示將要發(fā)生的事情 tomorrowthe day after tomorrow/the next day/Monday…at the weekend/tonighttomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要構(gòu)成be going to/will + 動(dòng)詞原形 be +形容詞凡是在must, mustn't, can, can't, let's, don't, may,will后的一定要用動(dòng)詞的原形二、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。
名詞按其數(shù),可分兩種:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則:1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞,在詞后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y 為i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries4.以f或fe結(jié)尾的,變f或fe為v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以o 結(jié)尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,三、形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。 形容詞有比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之分, 單音節(jié)詞的變化規(guī)則:1.一般情況下,直接在詞尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest2.以e結(jié)尾的,直接加-r或-st, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的, 變y 為i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest. 4.以重讀閉音節(jié),一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的,雙寫(xiě)該字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5.多音節(jié)的詞,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful. 6.good-better-best四、be 動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞。
現(xiàn)階段be動(dòng)詞形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn't, aren't, weren't, wasn't助動(dòng)詞形式有: do, does, did, don't, doesn't, didn't※ 1. 在英語(yǔ)句子中進(jìn)行變化的時(shí)候, 有be動(dòng)詞的就在be動(dòng)詞上變化,變 “過(guò)去”, “否定”; 否定 過(guò)去 否定am-------am not(第一人稱 “I” ) am, is ---wasn't is ------- isn't (第三人稱) are -----weren't are------aren't (you和其它人稱)2. 沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的就要加助動(dòng)詞; 否定 過(guò)去 過(guò)去否定do -----don't ------did---------didn'tdoes(第三人稱單數(shù))-----doesn't ------did---------didn't五.人稱代詞主語(yǔ) 物主代詞 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性 I my mine meshe her hers herhe his his himit its its ityou your yours youwe our ours usthey their theirs them可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞“分家”一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別 普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個(gè)數(shù)計(jì)算的,這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞??蓴?shù)名詞分為個(gè)體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集體名詞(表示作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。
如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個(gè)數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)算的,這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞(表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì),如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名詞(表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、可數(shù)名詞 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個(gè)人或一件事物時(shí),用單數(shù)形式;指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下:1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。如:book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-es 。
如:bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes3. 以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞,要先將y改為i再加-es。如:city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,要將f或fe改為v再加-es。如:half → halve leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives5. 特例 ① child → children② man → men woman → womenpoliceman → policemen(規(guī)律:man → men) ③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [ 初中英語(yǔ)以o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只有這兩個(gè)詞加-es,其余的當(dāng)然加-s嘍!如:photo → photos ]④ foot → feet tooth → teeth⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese單、復(fù)數(shù)同形 [悄悄話:變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞形不變。
]⑥ people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)。
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