其中是有典故的 例如《感天動(dòng)地竇娥冤》(簡(jiǎn)稱《竇娥冤》)六月飛雪來源于此
故事簡(jiǎn)介:竇娥從小死了母親,她父親竇天章是一位窮書生,因?yàn)樯暇┶s考缺少盤纏,便把她賣給蔡婆婆家做童養(yǎng)媳。可到蔡家沒兩年,丈夫就生病死了,只剩下了竇娥和她婆婆兩人相依為命。
當(dāng)?shù)赜袀€(gè)流氓叫張?bào)H兒,欺負(fù)蔡家婆媳無依無靠,跟他父親張老兒一起賴在蔡家,逼迫蔡婆婆嫁給張老兒。蔡婆婆軟弱怕事,勉強(qiáng)答應(yīng)了。張?bào)H兒又脅迫竇娥跟他成親,竇娥堅(jiān)決拒絕。還把張?bào)H兒痛罵了一頓。
張?bào)H兒懷恨在心。沒過幾天,蔡婆婆生病了,要竇娥做羊肚湯給她吃。張?bào)H兒便偷偷地在湯里下了毒藥,想先毒死蔡婆婆,再逼竇娥成親。竇娥把羊肚湯端給蔡婆婆喝。蔡婆婆接過碗,忽然不舒服要嘔吐,就讓給張老兒喝了。張老兒中了毒,在地上翻滾幾下就咽了氣。張?bào)H兒沒想到毒死了自己父親,惱怒不已,便把殺人的罪名栽贓到竇娥身上。告到楚州衙門。
楚州知府貪贓枉法,背地里被張?bào)H兒用錢買通了,不問青紅皂白便把竇娥抓到公堂訊問,逼她招認(rèn)。竇娥受盡拷打,痛得死去活來,還是不肯承認(rèn)。
知府知道竇娥待她婆婆很孝順,就當(dāng)著竇娥的面要拷打蔡婆婆。竇娥想到婆婆年紀(jì)大了,受不起這個(gè)酷刑,只好含冤招供,承認(rèn)是自己下毒。于是貪官知府便將竇娥定了死罪,押到刑場(chǎng)去處決。
臨刑前,竇娥滿腔冤屈無處可訴,她不想就這么白白死去,于是含著熱淚向蒼天起誓:“我竇娥真的是被冤枉的,我的冤屈只有老天爺知道。為了證明我的清白,我死后,一要讓這刀過頭落,一腔熱血全濺在上空的白練上,二要天降大雪,遮蓋我的尸體,三要讓楚州從此大旱三年!”
劊子手行刑后。竇娥的鮮血竟然一滴都沒有落在地上,全部飛濺在了高掛的白布上。當(dāng)時(shí)圍觀的百姓暗自稱奇。緊接著天地變色,狂風(fēng)大作,天空飄起鵝毛大雪,密密地覆蓋在竇娥的身上。那時(shí)候正是六月夏天,每一個(gè)在場(chǎng)的人都驚呼:“這竇娥真是冤枉的!”
接下來,楚州果真大旱了三年。所有人都相信竇娥的冤屈,為竇娥抱不平,直到竇娥的父親竇天童在京城做官返鄉(xiāng),竇娥的冤案才得到昭雪,殺人兇手張?bào)H兒被處以死刑,貪官知府也得到了應(yīng)有的懲罰。
全劇四折,寫弱小寡婦竇娥,在無賴陷害、昏官毒打下,屈打成招,成為殺人兇手,被判斬首示眾。臨刑前,滿腔悲憤的竇娥許下三樁誓愿:血濺白練,六月飛雪,大旱三年。果然,竇娥冤屈感天動(dòng)地,三樁誓愿一一實(shí)現(xiàn)。
內(nèi)容均來自百度百科。
《竇娥冤》是關(guān)漢卿的代表作,也是我國(guó)古代悲劇的代表作。它的故事淵源于《列女傳》中的《東海孝婦》。但關(guān)漢卿并沒有局限在這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)故事里,去歌頌為東海孝婦平反冤獄的于公的陰德;而是緊緊扣住當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí),用這段故事,真實(shí)而深刻地反映了元蒙統(tǒng)治下中國(guó)社會(huì)極端黑暗、極端殘酷、極端混亂的悲劇時(shí)代,表現(xiàn)了中國(guó)人民堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不屈的斗爭(zhēng)精神和爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立生存的強(qiáng)烈要求。它成功地塑造了“竇娥”這個(gè)悲劇主人公形象,使其成為元代被壓迫、被剝削、被損害的婦女的代表,成為元代社會(huì)底層善良、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)而走向反抗的婦女的典型。
本劇共四折一楔子。
楔子
女主角竇端云自小因?yàn)楦赣H竇天章無錢還債,被送到蔡家當(dāng)兒媳婦(即童養(yǎng)媳),改名竇娥。
第一折
婚后不到兩年,竇娥丈夫去世;竇娥與蔡婆相依為命。蔡婆向賽盧醫(yī)討債,不成功之余反而更差點(diǎn)被勒死,恰好獲張?bào)H兒父子倆所救。不料張?bào)H兒是個(gè)流氓,趁機(jī)搬進(jìn)蔡家后,威迫婆媳與他們父子成親,竇娥嚴(yán)辭拒絕。
第二折
蔡婆想吃羊肚湯,張?bào)H兒想藉毒死竇娥婆婆而霸占竇娥(張?bào)H兒以告發(fā)企圖勒死蔡婆之事威脅,向賽盧醫(yī)討來毒藥),不料反而被父親誤吃、毒死了父親。張?bào)H兒于是誣告竇娥殺人之罪。太守桃杌嚴(yán)刑逼供,竇娥不忍心婆婆連同受罪,便含冤招認(rèn)藥死公公,被判斬刑。
第三折
竇娥被押赴刑場(chǎng)。臨刑前,竇娥為表明自己冤屈,指天立誓,死后將血濺白練而血不沾地、六月飛霜(降雪)三尺掩其尸、楚州大旱三年,結(jié)果全部應(yīng)驗(yàn)。
第四折
三年后,竇娥的冤魂向已經(jīng)擔(dān)任廉訪使的父親控訴;案情重審,將賽盧醫(yī)發(fā)配充軍、昏官桃杌革職永不敘用,張?bào)H兒斬首,竇娥冤情得以昭彰。最后竇娥的冤魂希望父親竇天章能夠?qū)⒂H家蔡婆婆接到住所,代替竇娥盡孝道,竇父應(yīng)允,全劇結(jié)束。
竇天章因?yàn)榍凡唐牌鸥呃J,無錢歸還,將小女端云給蔡家當(dāng)童養(yǎng)媳。
蔡婆婆給竇天章盤纏赴京趕考。竇娥與丈夫生活不久后,丈夫暴病去世,竇娥與婆婆二人守寡在家。
一日,蔡婆婆向賽盧醫(yī)討債時(shí),險(xiǎn)被無錢歸還的賽盧醫(yī)殺害,巧被路過的張?bào)H兒與其父撞破此事。張?bào)H兒借口救命之恩,在蔡婆婆家住,貪圖竇娥美貌,要求與其父一同入贅蔡家。
竇娥守節(jié)不肯,張?bào)H兒就下毒計(jì),從賽盧醫(yī)處買得砒霜,下到竇娥為蔡婆婆做的羊肚湯中,欲要毒死蔡婆婆,脅迫竇娥改嫁。正巧蔡婆婆作嘔,吃不下,反毒死了自家老子。
張?bào)H兒要挾不成,誣告竇娥。貪官欲屈打成招,竇娥不招。
而后要挾要打蔡婆婆,竇娥只好招認(rèn)。處死前,竇娥許下三樁誓愿——血濺白綾,六月飄雪,大旱三年以證明其冤屈,皆應(yīng)驗(yàn)。
竇天章科舉得中,三年后任廉訪使至楚州,見竇娥鬼魂出現(xiàn),于是重審此案,為竇娥申冤。典故是《竇娥冤》是元代戲曲家關(guān)漢卿的雜劇代表作,也是元雜劇悲劇的典范,該劇劇情取材自東漢"東海孝婦"的民間故事,講述了一位窮書生竇天章為還高利貸將女兒竇娥抵給蔡婆婆做童養(yǎng)媳,不出兩年竇娥的夫君早死。
張?bào)H兒要蔡婆婆將竇娥許配給他不成,將毒藥下在湯中要毒死蔡婆婆結(jié)果誤毒死了其父。張?bào)H兒反而誣告竇娥毒死了其父,昏官桃杌最后做成冤案將竇娥處斬,竇娥臨終發(fā)下"血染白綾、天降大雪、大旱三年"的誓愿。
竇天章最后科場(chǎng)中第榮任高官,回到楚州聽聞此事,最后為竇娥平反昭雪。《竇娥冤》是中國(guó)著名悲劇之一,是一出具有較高文化價(jià)值、廣泛群眾基礎(chǔ)的傳統(tǒng)名劇,約有八十六個(gè)劇種都改編、演出過此劇。
漢朝時(shí)候,東??び幸粋€(gè)孝順的媳婦,奉養(yǎng)婆婆十分恭謹(jǐn)。婆婆說:“媳婦奉養(yǎng)我勤勞辛苦。我已經(jīng)老了,何必吝惜剩下的年月,長(zhǎng)久連累年輕人呢?”就上吊自殺了。
她的女兒告狀到官府說:“媳婦殺死我母親?!惫俑胁读诵D,酷刑拷打,非常狠毒。孝婦受不住酷刑的苦楚,被迫供認(rèn)承受被誣陷的罪名。
當(dāng)時(shí)于公當(dāng)獄吏,說:“這個(gè)婦人奉養(yǎng)婆婆十多年,因?yàn)樾㈨?,名聲傳遍四方,必定不?huì)殺害婆婆?!碧夭宦犓囊庖?。
于公爭(zhēng)辯,意見還是沒有得到采納,他抱著定案的文書,從官府哭著離開了。從此以后,東??ぴ獯蠛禐?zāi),三年不下雨。
后任太守到職,于公說:“孝婦不該死,前任太守冤枉殺了他,災(zāi)禍應(yīng)當(dāng)是從這里來的?!碧亓⒓从H自去祭奠孝婦的墳?zāi)?,于是在她的墓上設(shè)立標(biāo)志作為表彰。
天上立刻下起雨來,這一年莊稼大豐收。當(dāng)?shù)乩夏耆藗髡f,孝婦名叫周青。周青即將被殺死時(shí),在車上插著十丈長(zhǎng)的竹竿,竹竿上懸掛五色旗幟。
她當(dāng)眾立下誓言說:“我周青如果有罪,情愿被殺,我的血就會(huì)順著竹竿流下;我周青如果死得冤枉,血就會(huì)沿著竹竿倒流上去?!毙行桃院?,她的血呈青黃色,沿著旗竿倒流上頂端,又順著旗幟流下來。
出自:《東海孝婦》是西漢的經(jīng)學(xué)家、目錄學(xué)家、文學(xué)家劉向《列女傳》中的一篇。
擴(kuò)展資料:
東海孝婦是古老的民間傳說故事。本名周青,出自《列女傳》和《漢書·于定國(guó)傳》。孝婦很早死了丈夫,又沒有兒子,但贍養(yǎng)婆婆非常周到。婆婆因不想拖累她,上吊自縊。
而孝婦卻由此入獄,并屈打成招,最終被太守殺死。孝婦被斬時(shí),許下三宗愿,如系冤殺,血將倒流、六月飛雪、大旱三年。
(三愿見于后期版本,早期并未見)孝婦被殺后三年,郡中果然大旱,直至新太守親自祭奠孝婦之墓并表彰其德行,天才下起雨來。
干寶在《搜神記》中記載孝婦死時(shí)青黃色的鮮血沿著長(zhǎng)竹竿向上流,到了竿頂才沿著幡而流下。東海孝婦的故事對(duì)后世影響深遠(yuǎn)。
關(guān)漢卿在此基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)作出了中國(guó)十大悲劇之一的《竇娥冤》。2014年11月11日東海孝婦經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)列入第四批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表性項(xiàng)目名錄。
請(qǐng)君入甕 唐朝女皇武則天,為了鎮(zhèn)壓反對(duì)她的人,任用了一批酷吏。
其中兩個(gè)最為狠毒,一個(gè)叫周興,一個(gè)叫來俊臣。他們利用誣陷、控告和慘無人道的刑法,殺害了許多正直的文武官吏和平民百姓。
有一回,一封告密信送到武則天手里,內(nèi)容竟是告發(fā)周興與人聯(lián)絡(luò)謀反。武則天大怒,責(zé)令來俊臣嚴(yán)查此事。
來俊臣,心里直犯嘀咕,他想,周興是個(gè)狡猾奸詐之徒,僅憑一封告密信,是無法讓他說實(shí)話的;可萬一查不出結(jié)果,太后怪罪下來,我來俊臣也擔(dān)待不起呀。這可怎么辦呢?苦苦思索半天,終于想出一條妙計(jì)。
他準(zhǔn)備了一桌豐盛的酒席,把周興請(qǐng)到自己家里。兩個(gè)人你勸我喝,邊喝邊聊。
酒過三巡,來俊臣嘆口氣說:“兄弟我平日辦案,常遇到一些犯人死不認(rèn)罪,不知老兄有何辦法?”周興得意地說:“這還不好辦!”說著端起酒杯抿了一口。來俊臣立刻裝出很懇切的樣子說:“哦,請(qǐng)快快指教?!?/p>
周興陰笑著說:“你找一個(gè)大甕,四周用炭火烤熱,再讓犯人進(jìn)到甕里,你找一個(gè)大甕,四周用炭火烤熱,再讓犯人進(jìn)到甕里,你想想,還有什么犯人不招供呢?”來俊臣連連點(diǎn)頭稱是,隨即命人抬來一口大甕,按周興說的那樣,在四周點(diǎn)上炭火,然后回頭對(duì)周興說:“宮里有人密告你謀反,上邊命我嚴(yán)查。對(duì)不起,現(xiàn)在就請(qǐng)老兄自己鉆進(jìn)甕里吧。”
周興一聽,手里的酒杯啪噠掉在地上,跟著又撲通一聲跪倒在地,連連磕頭說:“我有罪,我有罪,我招供。” 故事見于《資治通鑒·唐則天皇后天授二年》。
成語“請(qǐng)君入甕”,比喻用某人整治他自己。 Kindly Step into the Vat--Try What You Have Devised against Others In order to suppress those who were against her, Wu Zetian, the empress of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), appointed a few merciless persons to be judges. Two of them were extremely brutal; one was called Zhou Xing and the other was called Lai Junchen. They killed many upright civil and military officials as well as ordinary people by framing up cases against tham and by administering inhuman corporal punishment to them. Once, Wu Zetian received a letter which informed against Zhou Xing. The letter aside that Zhou Xing was plotting a rebellion in collaboration with others. Wu Zetian was furiously angry when she read the letter, and immediately ordered Lai Junchen to deal with the case severely. Hearing the order, Lai Junchen had misgivings about it. He knew that Zhou Xing could not be forced to tell the truth merely by using a letter informing against him because he was very sly and crafty. Lai Junchen also knew that he would not be for given if he should fail in dealing with the case, because the empress would certainly blame him and punish him. How could he solve the problem then? He turned the problem over and over in his mind, and finally thought out a "brilliant scheme". Lai Junchen had a sumptuous feast prepared, and invited Zhou Xing to his home. The two of them urged each other to drink, and they talked while drinking. After the wine had gone round three times, Lai Junchen pretended to sigh, "When Ihandle cases in ordinary times, I often com across prisoners who stubbournly refuse to admit they are guilty. I wonder if you have any effetive measures." Hearing this, he took a sip of the wine. Lai Junchen immediately pretended to be very earnest, saying, "Oh, please do tell me at once." Smiling insidiously, Zhou Xing said, "Get a big vat, scorch it hot with charcoal fire all around, and then let the prisoner come into the vat. Will the prisoner fail to make a confession of his crime?" Hearing this. LaiJunchen nodded his head in approval repeatedly. He then ordered his subordinates to bring a big vat, and had a charcoal fire lit all around it as Zhou Xing had said. He then turned to Zhou Xing and said, "Someone in the imperial court has informed against you, saying that you are plotting a rebellion. The empress has ordered me to deal with the case severely. So I beg your pardon, but would you kindly step into the "Someone in the imperial court has informed against you, saying that you are plotting a rebellion. The empress has ordered me to deal with the case severely. So I beg your pardon, but would you kindly step into the vat?" Hearing this, Zhou Xing dropped his wine cup to the ground and the cup broke with a crash. Then he knelt down with a flop, nodded repeatedly and said, "I am guilty. I confess I am guilty." This story appears in A General History as a Mirror of Past Events by Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty. From this story, people have derived the set phrase "kindly step into the vat -- try what you have devised against others".。
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